question

Kohler's idea of animal insight was controversial because

answer

other researchers, like Thondike, did not believe that animals demonstrated that trait.

question

Kohler determined that insight

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cannot be gained through trial and error learning alone

question

Tolman and Kohler were

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Gestalt Psychologists

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The mental events that take place inside a person's mind while behaving are known as:

answer

cognition

question

Sammy and his friends are watching animated fight scenes on television. Based on Bandura's findings in the Bobo doll experiment, it seems likely that later, at play, Sammy and his friends will:

answer

Irritate many of the violent actions they witnessed on TV

question

In his later studies, Bandura added the condition of ____ into his studies of children and the Bobo doll.

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Reward

question

Bandura conducted some of his research to study:

answer

Possible links between children's exposure to violence on television and aggressive behavior toward others.

question

According to Bandura, to learn anything through observation, the learner must first:

answer

pay attention

question

The central idea of toilet training a cat is breaking down the process into a series of small stages. This is an example of:

answer

Shaping

question

At the end of his first day of kindergarten and the entire week thereafter, Jeremiah's teacher exclaimed, "You may all leave" just after the sound of a loud bell. On the first day of the second week of school, Jeremiah immediately left the room just as the school bell rang, without any notice from his teacher. In this Example, what is the conditioned response?

answer

Jeremiah left the room after the bell rang

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Tamar just can't seem to get away from the sloth machines. She has no idea how many times she has to pull the levers to win money, but she's aware that at some point, she's likely to win. What schedule of reinforcement is being used in this example?

answer

Variable ratio

question

Every time Paul's neighbor upstairs plays loud music, Paul bangs on his ceiling with a broom and the music stops. Paul's behavior of banging on the ceiling to get the music to stop is an example of_____.

answer

Negative reinforcement

question

Whenever you take a shower in your bathroom at home, the water in the shower turns icy cold just as the toilet in another bathroom is flushed, causing you to cringe. After several experiences of this occurrence, you find that you tend to cringe whenever you hear a toilet flush, even when you're not in the shower. In this example of classical condition, what is the unconditioned stimulus?

answer

The cold water

question

Doretha eats all of her dinner knowing that afterward she will get a bowl of ice cream. Doretha's behavior is best explained by what type of learning?

answer

Operant conditioning

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A behavior is more resistant to extinction if it is:

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Partially reinforced

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In order to increase reading among the students in her class, Mrs. Gomez, a second-grade teacher, has students record their reading by placing stickers on a large chart. For every ten stickers, students receive a new book. Mrs. Gomez is using:

answer

A token economy

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The heart of operant conditioning is the effect of____ on behavior.

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Consequences

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A Police car is a __ for slowing down.

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Discriminative stimulus

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A typical use of applied behavior analysis is:

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Treating children with disorders such as autism

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Research suggests that once people learn something:

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it is always present somewhere in memory

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The repeated pairing of the NS and the UCS is called:

answer

acquisition

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Without the____, higher-order conditioning would be difficult to maintain and would gradually fade away.

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Unconditioned stimulus

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For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus must be:

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Distinctive

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Ivan Pavlos was a Russian __ who spent his life studying classical conditioning.

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Physiologist

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Pavlov's dogs exhibited stimulus discrimination when they:

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did not demonstrate a conditioned response upon hearing ticking sounds similar to the metronome.

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Shortly after eating a piece of his great aunt's famous coconut cake, which he's had many times, Amad became very nauseous. Now, whenever his great aunt offers him a piece of cake, Amad quickly declines. Which of the following concepts best explains Amad's change in behavior?

answer

Conditioned Taste Aversion

question

For every 25 boxes of cookies Tammy sells, her scout troop gets a dollar. On what schedule of reinforcement is Tammy being conditioned?

answer

Fixed Ratio

question

After passing his chemistry exam, Tito was told by his parents that he would be able to have access to the family car for a week. Tito's parent's are using _______.

answer

Positive reinforcement

question

Research suggests that once people learn something:

answer

it is always present somewhere in the memory

question

An example of a conditioned taste aversion is:

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When coyotes ate sheep laced in lithium chloride, got extremely sick that one time, then stopped eating sheep meat

question

For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus must be:

answer

distinctive

question

In John Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," he demonstrated that:

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human emotional responses could be conditioned

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The response is given to the conditioned stimulus is not usually quite as strong as the original unconditioned response,__________.

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but it is essentially the same response

question

A behavior is more resistant to extinction if it is:

answer

partially reinforced

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Occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus.

answer

High-order conditioning

question

A modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response is:

answer

applied behavior analysis (ABA)

question

Most of the time, punishment:

answer

will only temporarily suppress behavior

question

Layla's new puppy keeps chewing the bottom of her favorite curtains. Now, whenever Layla sees the puppy begin chewing, she turns on a device that makes a continuous loud, annoying sound. She will not turn it off until the puppy stops chewing. Layla is using which technique to change the puppy's behavior?

answer

Negative reinforcement

question

The behavior of infants and animals can be easily reinforced using

answer

primary reinforcers

question

Bandura conducted some of his research to study

answer

Possible links between children's exposure to violence on television and aggressive behavior towards others

question

Bandura found that consequences

answer

do matter in motivating a person to imitate a model

question

Four elements of observational learning are attention, memory, ____, and _______.

answer

imitation, desire

question

The central idea of toilet training a cat is breaking down the process into a series of small stages. This is an example of

answer

Shaping

question

Kohler's chimpanzee experiment involved

answer

a chimp fitting one stick into another stick to reach out of his cage for a banana

question

The second group of rats in Tolman's maze experiment was not reinforced for finding the exit until the tenth day. Once they started getting reinforcement, the rats:

answer

learned to find the exit almost immediately

question

A five- year old watches his father dunk a basketball. Since the child is unable to reach the basket in the way his father can, the child cannot learn this behavior by observing because he cannot accomplish the step of:

answer

imitation

question

Which of the following individuals believed that cognition was an important part of behavior?

answer

Martin Seligman

question

In toilet training a cat, "Lid Up, Seat Down" is known in operant conditioning as

answer

preparing the training arena

question

The heart of operant conditioning is the effect of ___ on behavior

answer

consequences

question

In most employment situations, people are paid:

answer

on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

question

A recent study suggest a link between spanking and:

answer

aggression in children

question

Operant condition relies on:

answer

involuntary behavior

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