question

Which term is used to describe the conversion of natural resources into goods and services in addition to the ongoing trade of such goods and services?

answer

Economy

question

conservation success stories by PSA payment for environmental services not to cut down forests why? 17% to 52% 1. watershed protection-filtering and conserve water 2. biodiversity- tropical forest 3. scenic beauty-economic benefit tourism 4. carbon sequestration -slow global warming

answer

Costa Rica

question

-replacing resources -external costs -discounting -growth

answer

Neoclassical economics has environmental consequences

question

A developing school of economics that modifies the principles of neoclassical economics to address environmental challenges. Most environmental economists believe that we can attain sustainability within our current economic systems. Compare ecological economics; neoclassical economics.

answer

environmental economics

question

needs more far reaching changes that neither grow nor shrink but are stable (steady state)

answer

ecological economics

question

don't pay money, pleasure from natural landscape -use value -existence value -optional value -aesthetic value -scientific value -education value -cultural value =143 trillion in 2014 dollars of value

answer

non market value

question

all cost and benefits in GPI

answer

full cost accounting /true cost

question

Genuine Progress indicator

answer

GPI

question

The failure of markets to take into account the environment's positive effects on economies (for example, ecosystem services) or to reflect the negative effects of economic activity on the environment and thereby on people (external costs). GOV WILL TRY TO STEP IN

answer

market failure

question

What is the term that refers to the substances and forces that sustain our society and everyday lives?

answer

natural resources

question

What are ecosystem services?

answer

These are essential processes such as soil formation, nutrient cycles, the pollination of plants, etc.

question

How do economists assess (calculate) the economic health of a nation?

answer

Gross Domestic Product

question

Which of the following groups advocates economies that neither grow nor shrink but remain stable?

answer

ecological economists

question

Which of the following is the main concern of neoclassical economics?

answer

Production

question

What is meant by "market failure"?

answer

This occurs when markets do not take into account the environment's positive effects on economies (such as ecosystem services) or when they do not reflect the negative impacts of economic activity on people or the environment (external costs).

question

Pollution changes the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) How does this occur?

answer

GDP goes up when the polluting substance is produced and again when society pays to remove the substance from the environment.

question

What costs are associated with transactions that can result in damage to the environment, human health, and property?

answer

external costs

question

In which of the following ways did neoclassical economics contribute to environmental problems?

answer

by encouraging society to view the supply of resources as infinite

question

What type of economic discipline maintains that society, like natural populations, cannot surpass environmental limitations?

answer

Ecological economics

question

How does the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) differ from the GPI (Genuine Progress Indicator)?

answer

The GPI takes into account externalities (both good and bad) and other nonmarket values, while the GDP does not.

question

Which of the following correctly illustrate the two ways that economic growth can occur?

answer

increased inputs to the economy and improvements in efficiency through technology

question

Which of the examples below illustrates the economic principle of a negative externality?

answer

cost of rebuilding roads damaged by trucks heavily loaded with goods

question

Which of the following best explain the "free rider" predicament?

answer

This allows one party to "get away" with an environmental impact while other parties continue to use best environmental practices.

question

Statutory law. crafting bills

answer

legislation

question

A specific rule issued by an administrative agency, based on the more broadly written statutory law passed by Congress and enacted by the president.

answer

regulations

question

created the first national wildlife refugue

answer

Theodore Roosevelt did what in 1903

question

economic advancement, environmental protection, and social equality

answer

triple bottom line = sustainable development

question

Which of the following is NOT an external cost that affects people who are not involved in some environmentally damaging transaction?

answer

job security

question

What event is credited with leading to the passage of the Clean Water Act?

answer

the Cuyahoga River catching fire

question

During the second wave of U.S. environmental policy, in 1872, Congress designated Yellowstone as the world's first __________.

answer

national park

question

The role of an administrative agency is that of _______.

answer

enforcement and elaboration of laws passed by Congress

question

What was the main emphasis of the first major era of U.S. environmental policy?

answer

development through management and westward expansion

question

What is the title of the book by Rachel Carson that refers to the absence of birdsongs due to the poisoning of birds by pesticides?

answer

Silent Spring

question

The environmental justice movement started because ________

answer

people realized that environmental damage is not equally distributed among all classes and racial groups; minority and low-income communities tend to contain a much larger share of the environmental damage (such as landfills, incinerators, toxic waste sites, etc.)

question

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) _________.

answer

gave citizens the right to see and comment on proposed government projects through the creation of environmental impact statements

question

Who signed the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)?

answer

Richard Nixon

question

Which of the following was NOT part of public policy during the early years of the United States?

answer

the Superfund

question

Which of the following organizations is described accurately?

answer

The World Trade Organization has recently acquired the ability to impose fines on nations that trade unfairly. These actions can then have effects that worsen or improve the environment.

question

Which statement is correct concerning international law?

answer

An example of customary law is the idea that no nation should use its resources in ways that adversely affect its neighbors.

question

During what century did consumption of natural resources and pollution increase dramatically for the first time in human history?

answer

the 19th century

question

Which type of advertising assists consumers in choosing products that are grown or manufactured with environmentally friendly methods?

answer

Ecolabeling

question

Which of the following acts to discourage unsustainable activities?

answer

green tax

question

Most of the environmental progress made over the past few decades has come about through __________ methods.

answer

command-and-control

question

While in the grocery store, Maria chooses to purchase the soy milk produced from non-genetically modified soybeans over the brand grown conventionally. Maria has made use of __________ for her decision.

answer

ecolabeling

question

A company that produces household cleaners decides to produce a "green" version of its products, even though the formulas are virtually unchanged compared to the original formulas. This is an example of __________.

answer

Greenwashing

question

What is sustainable development?

answer

promoting a viable economy while maintaining a viable environment and meeting social needs

question

Which kind of development would be promoted if a government worked on finding a balance between economic security, environmental protection, and social equity?

answer

Sustainable

question

Statutory law is created by which branch of government ?

answer

The legislative branch

question

_________ consists of a formal set of general plans and principles intended to address problems and guide decision making

answer

Policy

question

Which of the following is s true statement about the relationship between state and federal laws

answer

if state and federal laws conflict with each other, federal laws take precedence

question

tax break is also known as a

answer

subsidy

question

when someone has a(n)________ economy , he or she may have a lot to gain or lose from the outcome

answer

vested economy

question

when polluters buy, sell and trade permits with other polluters this is called a

answer

cap-and-trade emissions trading system

question

an international treaty that aims at reducing greenhouse gas emissions is the ______.

answer

the kyoto protocol

question

which of the following requires those responsible for pollution to cover the cost of repairing the damage?

answer

the polluter-pays principle

question

the first step in the policy process is to _____.

answer

identify the problem

question

what type of law results from conventions and treaties between nations

answer

conventional law

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