Question 1

Norms

Accepted Answer

Exist only in formal social situations, include both written laws and inwritten customs, used to identify deviance

Question 2

Deviance

Accepted Answer

Always involves a violation of a law

Question 3

Studying deviance in sports presents problems in that

Accepted Answer

Actions that are normal in sports may be deviant outside sports

Question 4

One of the reasons it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that much of it involves actions grounded in

Accepted Answer

Accepting and overconforming to norms in sport cultures

Question 5

One reason it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that

Accepted Answer

The types and causes of deviance in sports are very diverse

Question 6

It has become difficult to determine what actions are deviant and what actions are accepted parts of athletic training today because

Accepted Answer

All training involves surpassing limits that are acceptable as normal in society

Question 7

When a basketball player dribbles the ball out of bounds during a game, she has

Accepted Answer

Violated a formal norm

Question 8

When two college basketball players turn their back to the U.S. flag during the playing of the national anthem, they

Accepted Answer

Violate an informal norm

Question 9

An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

Unchanging moral truths are the foundation for all norms

Question 10

According to an absolutist approach to studying deviance

Accepted Answer

All deviance is caused by a lack of moral character or a moral failure

Question 11

People using an absolutist approach tend to

Accepted Answer

See deviance as located in the person who engages in it

Question 12

A social constructionist approach to deviance is based on

Accepted Answer

A combination of cultural, interactionist, and structural theories

Question 13

When using a constructionist approach, deviance is defined as ideas, traits, and actions that

Accepted Answer

Fall outside of socially determined normative boundaries

Question 14

According to a constructionist approach, both norms and deviance are

Accepted Answer

Socially constructed through interaction

Question 15

According to a constructionist approach, the process of negotiating normative boundaries is influenced by

Accepted Answer

The power dynamics that exist in a society or social world

Question 16

A constructionist approach to deviance is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

Most ideas, traits, and actions fall into a normally accepted range

Question 17

Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms. The author explains that deviance involving overconformity is

Accepted Answer

Generally uncontrollable

Question 18

Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms. The author explains that deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas, traits, or actions that

Accepted Answer

Are subnormal

Question 19

Anarchy is the social condition that exists when

Accepted Answer

Widespread underconformity creates general lawlessness

Question 20

Research on normative overconformity suggests that if we wish to understand this form of deviance we must

Accepted Answer

Critically examine the organization and dynamics of elite sport cultures

Question 21

Understanding deviance in sports requires an understanding of \"the sport ethic\". Which of the following beliefs is NOT one of the core norms of the sport ethic?

Accepted Answer

An athlete accepts pain but avoids risks

Question 22

The sport ethic is linked to deviance in sports because athletes

Accepted Answer

Expect each other to overconform to its norms

Question 23

The sport ethic becomes a source of dangerous deviance in sports when

Accepted Answer

People in sports don\'t set boundaries to limit overconformity to the ethic

Question 24

Athletes who engage in deviant underconformity are usually punished or cut from teams; athletes who engage in deviant overconformity are

Accepted Answer

Likely to experience health problems as a result

Question 25

A reason that athletes may overconform to the norms of the sport ethic is because they

Accepted Answer

Seek identity reaffirmation from other athletes

Question 26

The athletes most likely to overconform to the norms of the sport ethic are those who see achievements as their only way to get ahead and those who have

Accepted Answer

A string need to be accepted as athletes by their peers in sports

Question 27

When athletes collectively dedicate themselves to a goal and willingly endure pain and make sacrifices to achieve it, they often create a social world in which

Accepted Answer

Deviant overconformity becomes normalized

Question 28

When athletes collectively overconform to the norms of the sport ethic, they may develop hubris, which leads them to see themselves as separate from and superior to the rest of the community. The author explains that this hubris

Accepted Answer

Leads to a sense of entitlement and lack of concern for people outside their sport

Question 29

When there is a collective sense of hubris on a team, it is likely that some athletes will

Accepted Answer

Feel a sense of entitlement in the general community

Question 30

The author suggests that athletes engage in overconformity in sports because of their desire to

Accepted Answer

Play and be accepted as an athlete by other thletes

Question 31

Social processes in elite power and performance sports often lead groups of athletes to develop hubris at the same time that these social processes

Accepted Answer

Separate athletes from the rest of the community

Question 32

Controlling deviant overconformity in sports requires a close examination of the

Accepted Answer

Meaning and organization of sports

Question 33

Controlling deviant overconfomrity in sports presents a unique challenge because

Accepted Answer

Those who enforce team norms may not discourage overconformity

Question 34

The most effective way to control deviant overconformity is to

Accepted Answer

Help athletes set limits when conforming to the norms of the sport ethic

Question 35

To make changes that would decrease deviant overconformity, sport would have to be organized around a commitment to

Accepted Answer

The health and well-being of athletes

Question 36

Research on deviance in sports is limited in that it focuses primarily on

Accepted Answer

The underconformity of athletes

Question 37

Media coverage usually concludes that deviance in sports is the result of

Accepted Answer

Weak character and greed

Question 38

Research suggests that on-the-field deviance such as cheating and \"dirty play\" are

Accepted Answer

Probably less common today than in the past

Question 39

Athletes today sometimes seem to engage in more sport-related forms of deviance that athletes in the past because

Accepted Answer

Sports and sport organizations have more rules today than in the past

Question 40

The author points out that the seemingly endless parade of cheating scandals in the big-time NCAA sport programs and other sport governing bodies is four factors which are

Accepted Answer

A lack of transparency and accountability in sport organizations, Sport governing bodies are unprepared to investigate themselves, Self-policing strategies create inherent conflicts of interest in sports

Question 41

Information on institutional corruption in sports is scarce partly because gathering that information

Accepted Answer

Is tedious and dangerous

Question 42

The author points out that the most effective way to control cheating, corruption, harassment, and abuse in sports is to

Accepted Answer

Abandon self-enforcement and create an independent enforcement agency

Question 43

Research and media reports shows that gambling on sports

Accepted Answer

Is connected with match-fixing by emerging gambling cartels worlwide

Question 44

There often is confusion when discussing hazing which is a form of sport-related deviance because hazing is

Accepted Answer

Not distinguished from related but different processes

Question 45

Research on sport participation and general delinquency rates generally shows that delinquency rates among athletes are

Accepted Answer

Often lower that rates for other students from similar backgrounds

Question 46

Sport programs that are designed as \"interventions\" for \"at risk youth\" are seldom successful because they

Accepted Answer

Do nothing to change the conditions in which these youth live their lives

Question 47

After reviewing research on academic cheating the author points out that rates of cheating among athletes

Accepted Answer

Have not been studied adequately to make any definite conclusions

Question 48

Research that high rates of alcohol use and binge drinking

Accepted Answer

Are linked with a culture in which partying and drinking are expected

Question 49

Data presented in the chapter indicate that felony rates among NFL players are

Accepted Answer

Lower than they are for comparable men in society as a whole

Question 50

Historical data suggests that most substance use and abuse among athletes is due to

Accepted Answer

Overconformity to the sport ethic among athletes

Question 51

When Lance Armstrong confessed to using performance enhancing substances, many of his fans condemned him as the embodiment of evil because they

Accepted Answer

Experienced extreme cognitive dissonance

Question 52

The author describes a model of a professional athlete\'s career to show that

Accepted Answer

Cyclists use drugs in order to do their jobs successfully

Question 53

The model of a professional athlete\'s career shows that when athletes move from the amateur level to the professional level in a sport like cycling, they

Accepted Answer

Training so intensely that it causes physiological damage to their bodies

Question 54

According to the author, winning is important to long time professional athletes because they

Accepted Answer

Want to remain in their sports

Question 55

According to the career model discussed in the chapter, when long time professional athletes retire from full time, year round training and competition and re-enter the \"ordinary world\", they

Accepted Answer

Find it difficult to become normal in that world

Question 56

Information from inside high performance sports suggests that doping is seen as

Accepted Answer

A normal part of the process of training, recovery, and competition

Question 57

The people most likely to agree with the war on doping was waged by WADA and USADA are

Accepted Answer

Believers in the great sport myth

Question 58

The author suggests that doping control will not be successful until

Accepted Answer

The culture and structure of high performance sports are changed

Question 59

The author says that the best way to begin to control substance use in sports is to

Accepted Answer

Critically examine and eliminate the hypocrisy involved in elite sports

Question 60

The author\'s recommendations for controlling substance use in sports calls for a policy that involves

Accepted Answer

Preventing athletes from competing unless the are certified as healthy

Chapter 5 – Deviance in Sports – Is It Out of Control? – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards