Chapter 4 vocab Foundations of College Chemistry 14th edition, Hein & Arena
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Calorie (cal)
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A commonly used unit of heat energy; 1 calorie is a quantity of heat energy that will raise the temperature of 1g of water 1° (i.e. from 14.5 to 15.5°C). also 4.184 joules = 1 calorie exactly.
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Chemical change
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A change producing product that differ in composition from the original substances.
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Chemical equations
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A shorthand expression showing the reactants and the products of a chemical change (i.e. 2H2O = 2H2 + O2).
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Chemical properties
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Properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute particles in solution and not on the nature of the solute (i.e. vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation).
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Energy
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The capacity of matter to do work.
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Joule (J)
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The SI unit of energy.
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Kinetic energy (KE)
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The energy that matter possesses due to its motion; KE = ½ mv2.
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Law of conservation of energy
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Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, though it can be transferred from one form to another.
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Physical change
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A change in form (such as size, shape, or physical state (i.e. solid to liquid)) without a change in composition.
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Physical properties
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Inherent physical characteristics of a substance that can be determined without altering its composition: color, taste, odor, state of matter, density, melting point, boiling point.
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Potential energy (PE)
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Stored energy, or the energy of an object due to its relative position.
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Products
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A chemical substance produced from reactants by a chemical change.
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Properties
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The characteristics, or traits, of substances that give them their unique identities. Properties are classified as physical or chemical.
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Reactants
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A chemical substance entering into a reaction.
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Specific heat
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The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1g of any substance by 1°C.
