Chapter 4- SKIN – Flashcards
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Skin
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Largest Organ of the body
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Skin protects the deeper tissue from what?
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Mechanical damage (bumps) Chemical damage (acids and bases) Bacterial damage UV radiation (sunlight) Thermal Damage (heat or cold) Desiccation (drying out)
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Skin Functions
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Aids in body heat loss or heat retention as controlled by the nervous system (homeostasis) -Aids in excretions of urea and uric acid -Synthesizes Vitamin D
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Epidermis
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Outer Layer - stratified squamous epithelium -cornified or Keratinized (hardened by keratin) to prevent water loss - Avascular - Most cells are keratinocytes
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Dermis
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Dense connective tissue
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Three parts of the skin structure
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Epidermis, dermis, adipose tissue
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Eccrine
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Sweat gland
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Apocrine
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Armit glands, largest of the eccrine glands. Bacteria loves those places. Connected to the endocrine gland, modified by sex hormones
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Sabacious Gland
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Located on the hair root, creates sebum, part of the exocrine gland
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Subcutaneous Tissue
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Hypodermis - not technically part of the skin - Anchors skin to underlying organs - Composed mostly of adipose tissue
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Stratum Basale
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Stratum Germinativum - regenerates -deepest layer of Epidermis - lies next to dermis - wavy borderline with the dermis anchors the two together - cells undergoing mitosis -Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers
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Stratum Lucidum
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-Formed from dead cells of the deeper strata -Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands or soles of feet
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Stratum Corneum
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-Outermost layer of the epidermis - shingle-like dead cells are filled with keratin (protective protein prevents water loss from skin) (exfoliating)
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What is the summary from the deepest to the top layer of skin?
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Stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum (thick, hairless skin only) stratum corneum
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Melanin
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Pigment (melanin) produced by melanocytes - Melanocytes are mostly in STRATUM BASALE -color is yellow to brown to black -amount of melanin produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight that determines your skin color.
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Erector Pilar
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Forms goosebumps Connects with hair shaft muscle
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What do sweat glands release?
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sodium Chloride urea ammonium
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Where does acne form?
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Sabacious glands
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What is cancer?
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Abnormal cell mass
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What two ways is Cancer Classified as?
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Benign- does not spread Malignant- metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body
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What is the most common type of cancer?
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Skin cancer
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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- least malignant - most common type - Arises from stratum basal (where cells are undergoing mitosis)
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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-Metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed -Early removal allows for good chance of cure -Believe to be sun- induced - Arises from Stratum Spinosum -Milignant form of skin cancer -Can travel to different lymph nodes
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Malignant Melanoma
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- Most deadly of skin cancers - Cancer of melanocytes - Metastasized rapidly to lymph and blood vessels - Detection uses ABCD rule
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What is the ABCD rule?
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What to look for in moles A-Aysmmetry two sides of pigmented mole do not match B-Border Irregularity Borders of mole are not smooth C-Color different colors in pigmented area D-Diameter Spot larger than 6 mm in diameter
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where do cells undergo mitosis?
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stratum basale
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What layer Regenerates?
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Stratum Basale
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What layer is formed by dead cells of the deeper strata?
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stratum Lucidum
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What layer takes place in the toes or palms and has no hair?
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Stratum Lucidum
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What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
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Stratum Corneum
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Where are melanocytes mostly located?
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Stratum Basale
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What determines your skin color?
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amount of melanin produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight
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What determines skin pigmentation?
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Amount of melanin
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What muscle connects with the hair shaft?
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erector pilar
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What cancer arises from the Stratum Basale?
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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What cancer arises from the Stratum spinosum?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
