question

Individuals of a single species fighting over access to a limiting resource is one example of ________.

answer

intraspecific competition

question

By definition, parasites ________ their host.

answer

feed on and harm

question

Herbivory is actually a type of ________.

answer

predation

question

Microbes in our digestive tract that help us digest food demonstrate a ________ association.

answer

symbiotic

question

What kind of relationship exists between multiple organisms who seek the same limited resource?

answer

competition

question

Many wild orchids cannot be successfully dug up and transplanted because they need the native mycorrhizae (a fungus) in the soil to survive. What kind of interaction is this?

answer

mutualism

question

How does predation differ from parasitism?

answer

Parasites rarely kill their host, while predators kill their prey.

question

________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

answer

producers

question

Zooplankton-eating fish are ________.

answer

secondary consumers

question

The energy content and biomass of ________ is lowest in any food web

answer

top carnivores

question

What kind of interaction occurs when two cardinals (birds of the same species) are trying to build a nest in the same tree?

answer

intraspecific competition

question

Two species of lizard live on the same tree and consume the same sorts of food. Regardless, neither species is in direct competition with the other. The key to this scenario is that one of the species is nocturnal; the other is diurnal. What is this called?

answer

resource partitioning

question

What two types of relationships exhibit symbiosis?

answer

mutualism and parasatism

question

How much energy is available to the third trophic level, a secondary consumer, if its prey in the second trophic level, a primary consumer, is only able to obtain 10% of the available energy of the first trophic level?

answer

1%

question

What moves through the community from one trophic level to another as organisms feed on one another?

answer

matter and energy

question

What potential energy-bearing compound is produced through photosynthesis and made available for consumers?

answer

carbohydrates

question

Which statement is an accurate description of a keystone species?

answer

A keystone species that is a predator controls the herbivore populations, which in turn maintains the plant populations and keeps balance.

question

Lichen is often the first organism to appear in an area that has had all life stripped from it because of some disturbance. What is lichen in this regard?

answer

a pioneer species

question

If you wanted to represent the relative importance of the trophic levels in a food chain, the most accurate way to do so would be a graph in the form of __________.

answer

a pyramid of energy

question

If a human consumes both plant and animal products, then he or she is considered a(n) __________.

answer

omnivore

question

What does the diagram illustrate? a.Deserts and tropical rainforests normally occur within a few meters on one another. b. Boreal forests and tropical dry forest have identical climates. c. Biomes are determined primarily by precipitation and temperature. d. Tundra and desert both share a hot climate. Biodiversity does not vary with climate.

answer

C. Biomes are determined primarily by precipitation and temperature

question

Secondary succession ________.

answer

occurs after a fire or flood

question

________ terrestrial biome has the most biodiversity.

answer

tropical rainforest

question

Taiga and tundra both ________.

answer

have comparatively low temperatures throughout the year

question

________ are typical primary consumers in a temperature deciduous forest.

answer

deer

question

Techniques to eradicate zebra mussels ________.

answer

introducing new predators and diseases

question

Kelp _____.

answer

suffers intense herbivory from sea urchins

question

Global climate change may produce major shifts in biomes for any given location because ________.

answer

mean temperature, precipitation and salinity will change

question

Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increases sea surface temperatures, which can subsequently melt permafrost in the tundra and increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out-of-sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. Some models of climate change for North America predict that the grassland regions of the prairie states will become warmer and dryer. This would result in ________.

answer

the need to develop varieties of agricultural crops that tolerate desert conditions

question

What two factors exert the greatest influence over a terrestrial biome?

answer

annual average temperature and precipitation

question

Which of the following biomes has the most annual rainfall?

answer

temperate rainforest

question

Which of the following biomes has acidic soil with few nutrients and little organic matter?

answer

a tropical rainforest

question

This biome often features wildfires due to extensive dry seasons.

answer

chaparral

question

Which biome features soil that contains a layer of permafrost?

answer

tundra

question

Which type of feedback loop acts to resist change in natural systems, thereby enhancing system stability and promoting conditions favorable for life?

answer

negative feedback

question

Daniel Simberloff states that non-native species are responsible for which of the following?

answer

modifying fire regimes

question

Mark Davis argues that non-natives rarely threaten natives with extinction. Davis would further say that:

answer

None of the thousands of native plant species in North America has ever gone totally extinct due to a non-native species.

question

Which of the following statements would the two authors agree on?

answer

many non-native species are not harmful

question

Simberloff mentions Mediterranean cheatgrass as one example of a non-native species that has affected millions of acres. If Davis were the scientist talking to reporters, how might he frame the issue?

answer

Cheatgrass is causing regional declines of native plant communities.

question

A new non-native species has recently been discovered in your area of North America. What information about the species would suggest the need for immediate action?

answer

The non-native species occurs in lakes.

question

In an ecosystem, phytoplankton are _____.

answer

producers

question

An earthworm that feeds on the remains of plants and animals is acting as a _____.

answer

detritivore

question

When a human eats a steak, the human is acting as a _____.

answer

secondary consumer

question

A cow eating grass is an example of a _____.

answer

primary consumer

question

A seal that just ate a clam is eaten by a shark. The shark is acting as a _____.

answer

tertiary consumer

question

What does the left y-axis of the graph represent?

answer

number of breeding pairs per 100 acres

question

What does the blue graph line represent?

answer

number of species

question

After 20 years, what was the total number of bird species?

answer

14

question

In which year was the density of birds greatest?

answer

105

question

In which period did the number of species increase most rapidly?

answer

0 to 20 years

question

What factor is most likely to have caused the change in the number of bird species that occurred between years 30 and 60?

answer

increasing number of bird habitats

question

Which of the following statements best describes the bird populations during the period from 100 to 160 years?

answer

The number of species slowly increased, while the number of breeding pairs reached a peak and then slowly declined.

question

The climax, or final stage, of old-field succession is an oak-hickory forest, which is usually well established after 160 years. What happens to the diversity of bird species after 160 years?

answer

The answer cannot be determined from this graph.

question

Why do we classify lionfish populations near the eastern United States as an invasive species? What suggests that these new populations are not an expansion of the lionfish's natural range?

answer

Lionfish are native to the tropical Pacific. There are no natural water routes of warm water between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

question

Based upon what we are learning about the lionfish diet, what is most likely going to happen to Caribbean coral reefs invaded by lionfish?

answer

There will be fewer algae-eating fish. More algae will grow over and damage corals.

question

What characteristics of lionfish contribute to their ability to spread and become established in new areas?

answer

A single lionfish female may produce up to 2 million eggs a year. The eggs float for up to a month, spreading the lionfish populations.

question

How did the fish biologists determine the diet of lionfish in the regions where the lionfish have invaded?

answer

Biologists examined the contents of the stomachs of lionfish caught in the wild.

question

Based upon what we are learning about invasive lionfish populations in the Caribbean and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, these lionfish populations __________.

answer

cannot be eliminated by any means currently known

question

Process of Science: Determining Zebra Mussels' Impacts on Fish Communities (The Science Behind the Story) Part A

answer

decreased, increased open water, littoral zone open water, littoral zone

question

Part B

answer

x axis, y axis, millions, thousands before decreased, increased support

question

The Verkhoyansk Mountain Range is located in which type of climate?

answer

subarctic (very cold winters)

question

Where is elevation greatest in Russia?

answer

in the south

question

What is the elevation of most of Russia?

answer

0-199 meters

question

Which of the following features explains why southwestern Russia has a relatively mild climate?

answer

All of the above are correct.

question

Select Natural Regions. Adjust the transparency sliders as needed. Lake Baikal is located in which natural region?

answer

mountain

question

Legislation for limiting wild bison in Montana is being proposed where?

answer

in the montana state legislature

question

You are on your first trip to Montana and hope to see a wild bison. Where should you go?

answer

Yellowstone National Park

question

How do bison and cattle differ?

answer

they graze in different ways

question

Which of the following is true?

answer

The federal government charges less than most private landowners for grazing a cow-calf pair.

question

You are a member of the Gros Ventre tribe, sharing the same view as the majority of your fellow tribe members and other tribes. How do you feel about the proposed legislation restricting wild bison?

answer

you strongly oppose it

question

You are a Montana cattle rancher. What disease are you most concerned about your cattle's catching from wild bison?

answer

brucellosis

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