Chapter 4: Lesson 1: Types of Speech Style – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
One widely-quoted classification of speech styles is that of __________.
answer
Joos
question
Joos' styles are ranked in terms of the _______________ between the speaker and listener on a level of _______________, from the _______________ to the _______________ style.
answer
relationship ; formality ; most formal ; least formal
question
a cold form of communication meant to discourage someone from participating
answer
frozen style
question
an example of this speech style is a speech in an official setting
answer
formal style
question
an example of this speech style is "a conversation between strangers"
answer
consultative style
question
an example of this speech style is a conversation between friends
answer
casual or informal style
question
an example of this speech style is a private conversation between two persons who know each other extremely well
answer
intimate style
question
5 Characteristics of Speech Styles
answer
1. frozen style 2. formal style 3. consultative style 4. casual or informal style 5. intimate style
question
this is the style for declamation and for print ; the listener or reader is not allowed to question the speaker (or writer)
answer
frozen style
question
Its extreme, impersonal style is clearly planned and marked by social distance, which may probably be caused by sociocultural differences between the speaker and listener.
answer
frozen style
question
This style is more characteristic of writing than speech, reserved for the formal occasion when spoken, and then read.
answer
frozen style
question
The writing reflects the efforts of revision. It is here that some items like careful development of thought, logical planning, attention to stylistic features, word appropriateness, rules of usage, and so on come into full play.
answer
frozen style
question
This style invites the reader to enter into a personal experience of creative discovery, such as literary texts, like poetry, which he may memorize, replay, and refeel, and to find more profound values and meanings with each repetition.
answer
frozen style
question
As the most highly formal style, it uses the most complex grammatical sentence structure and vocabulary known only to experts in a particular field.
answer
frozen style
question
It utilizes customary, ritualized expressions that allow listeners to identify the larger speech event in which it is embedded
answer
frozen style
question
Documents written in this style practically have no variation in the range of their expression, no deviation from preset norms (statutes, briefs, appellate opinions, insurance policies, contracts, leases, and wills).
answer
frozen style
question
This style, whose aim is to inform, is intended for a captive audience.
answer
formal style
question
Like the frozen style, this is impersonal and marked for social distance.
answer
formal style
question
It requires advance planning and preparation because the speaker is "under obligation to provide a plan for the whole sentence before he begins uttering it, and a delimitation of field for his whole discourse before he embarks on it".
answer
formal style
question
In writing, this needs careful editing, so the writer is expected to have enough time to polish his text.
answer
formal style
question
In speaking, what the speaker says is something that has been prepared beforehand.
answer
formal style
question
is used in serious texts and situations (books, news reports, magazine or journal articles, business letters, or official speeches)
answer
Formal English
question
speech style where formal English is used
answer
formal style
question
Its usually elaborate complex sentences and noun phrases are well structured, logically sequenced, and strongly coherent.
answer
formal style
question
it uses formal words and expressions
answer
formal style
question
The standard of correctness in this style is high.
answer
formal style
question
It does not allow ellipsis, contractions, qualifying modal adverbials, and subjectivity markers.
answer
formal style
question
This is the normal style for speaking to strangers or persons who are neither acquaintances nor friends or relatives.
answer
consultative style
question
2 Defining Features of Consultative Style
answer
1. the speaker supplies background information 2. the listener participates continuously
question
This speech style uses feedback and listener participation.
answer
consultative style
question
It is more or less the self-imposed style for communicating with strangers with whom we feel we share sociocultural and situational assumptions or opinions in a general way.
answer
consultative style
question
It is unplanned speech; it is "unmarked" or the baseline and ordinary type of speech in American English among persons who do not know each other.
answer
consultative style
question
This style is used in conversations between friends and insiders who have something to share and have shared background information.
answer
casual or informal style
question
It is marked by various degrees of implicitness because of intimacy between speaker and listener.
answer
casual or informal style
question
There is free and easy participation of both speaker and listener.
answer
casual or informal style
question
a carefree way of communicating, and one in which those who know you can easily understand or relate to
answer
casual or informal style
question
It is appropriate to use ______________ in situations where speech is improvised and not prepared ahead of time, or when the writer is writing quickly without editing.
answer
casual language
question
You also use _____________ when you want to get to know someone on a more personal level, or you want the person to feel at ease.
answer
casual language
question
the defining devices of casual or informal style
answer
ellipsis ; slang ; profanity ; unconventional English
question
Casual style's diction or vocabulary is informal, _______________.
answer
colloquial
question
uses words/phrases that are shortened
answer
casual style
question
This style is used in conversations between people who are very close and know each other quite well because of having a maximum of shared background information.
answer
intimate style
question
It is characterized by an economy of words, with a high incidence of significant nonverbal communication, such as gesture, facial expression, eye contact, and so on.
answer
intimate style
question
There is free and easy participation of both speaker and listener, and is far more elliptical than the casual, informal style.
answer
intimate style
question
often not heard in court proceedings although the affirmative "Uh-huh" is sometimes used by witnesses
answer
intimate style
question
may be used among jurors during their out-of-the-courtroom deliberations after their intense, highly formal interaction inside the courtroom
answer
intimate style
