question

Qualitative research is concerned with the _________ meaning of an experience to an individual and in-depth descriptions of people or events.

answer

Concerned with the subjective meaning of an experience to an individual and in-depth descriptions of people or events

question

The goal of qualitiative research is to have a rich understanding of the __________; exploratory and descriptive in nature

answer

Goal is to have a rich understanding of the phenomena; exploratory and descriptive in nature

question

When was qualitative research surged to the forefront of nursing?

answer

during the 1990's

question

What is the debate between qualitative research and EBP?

answer

Debate as to whether findings should be part of the "evidence" in evidence-based practice

question

When conducting qualitative research is it necessary to verify results through the senses?

answer

no

question

How can data be obtained when using the qualitative research method?

answer

through unstructured interviews and participant observations

question

Does a qualitative researcher need to use existing theories to conduct their research?

answer

no, they must be open to new ideas and new theories

question

Qualitative Research Step 1: Identify the problem How long will the topic to be researched remain broad and general?

answer

generally until the researcher enters the field setting

question

Qualitative Research Step 2: State the Purpose What terms are usually used to state the purpose?

answer

"To describe . . ." "To explore . . ." "To understand the experiences of . . ."

question

Qualitative Research Step 3: Select the Research Design What does selecting the research design depend on?

answer

the phenomenon that will be studied

question

Qualitative Research Step 4: Review the Literature When is the literature review often conducted in qualitative research?

answer

Often done at end of study

question

Qualitative Research Step 5: Select the Sample There are no set rules for sample size, and there is an emphasis on quality over quantity. What are researchers striving for?

answer

saturation

question

Qualitative Research Step 6: Gain Entry to Research Site The research is conducted in the field or place where participants live or work. Where must permission be obtained from first?

answer

IRB where she or he is employed

question

Qualitative Research Step 6: Gain Entry to Research Site Who might the researcher look to for assistance with getting in touch with the participants and providing valuable insight into the phenomenon of interest?

answer

key informants

question

Qualitative Research Step 7: Protect the Rights of Participants There is a close relationship between researcher and participants; anonymity is generally not a consideration. How can confidentiality be ensured?

answer

omitting certain demographic information such as age, educational level, and occupation of study participants

question

Qualitative Research Step 8: Collect the Data What are the most common two ways of data collection in qualitative research?

answer

semi-structured interviews or participant observation

question

Qualitative Research Step 8: Collect the Data Name some examples of ways to collect the data

answer

-interviews - participant observation -focus group -open-ended questionaires - diaries - life histories - official documents -letters -photographs

question

Qualitative Research Step 9: Analyze and Interpret the Data This begins once data collection begins. What are searching for here? What are you examining?

answer

searching for themes and patterns examining quotes

question

Qualitative Research Step 9: Analyze and Interpret the Data Content analysis involves creating categories of data and developing rules for coding data into categories. What are the two ways in which we can analyze the data?

answer

manually or with the aid of qualitative data analysis software

question

In which mixed method of research might the qualitative method be used intially, until the hyptheses emerge? Then, the hypotheses might be tested using a quantitative method.

answer

sequential version of mixed methods research

question

Mixed methods research involves the combination of quantitative and qualitative research in one study. What are the two ways this can be used?

answer

sequential and simultaneous

question

Which way of combining qualitative and quantitative methods most often indicates the use of two or more different sampling strategies, data collectors, data collection procedures, or theories in one study?

answer

Triangulation

question

Qualitative studies are considered valid if the findings "_____ ______" from the point of view of the subject. Both the large amount of data collected and the length of time spent collecting data help increase the _______ and ______ of qualitative research.

answer

Qualitative studies are considered valid if the findings "reflect reality" from the point of view of the subject. Both the large amount of data collected and the length of time spent collecting data help increase the reliability and validity of qualitative research.

question

T or F Qualitative researchers are concerned with the generalizability of their study findings.

answer

False

question

T or F The researchers exerts tight controls over the research situation in qualitative research.

answer

F

question

T or F The number of subjects is generally larger in qualitative research than in quantitative.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is true when comparing quantitative to qualitative research? A. Qualitative research is easier to conduct than quantitative study B. The amount of data to be analyzed is usually greater in qualitative studies than in quantitative C. Qualitative research most frequently uses a deductive approach, whereas quantitative research uses an inductive approach.

answer

B. The amount of data to be analyzed is usually greater in qualitative studies than in quantitative

question

Name the design -Explores/attempts to understand people's everyday lives - their fundamental "lived" experiences -Often used to examine understudied or marginalized populations and areas in which little is known -Data are primarily collected through in-depth interviews Important to minimize bias

answer

Phenomenology

question

What is called when a researcher first identifies what he or she expects to discover and then deliberately puts aside these ideas?

answer

bracketing

question

Name the design -Grounded in anthropology (field work) -Describes and interprets culture/cultural behavior

answer

Ethnography

question

The ______ approach investigates how local people think" . How they perceive and categorize the world, their rules for behavior, what has meaning for them, and how they imagine and explain things. "The _____ (scientist-oriented) approach shifts the focus from local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations to those of the anthropologist. The etic approach realizes that members of a culture often are too involved in what they are doing to interpret their cultures impartially. When using the etic approach, the ethnographer emphasizes what he or she considers important.

answer

emic , etic

question

When ethnographers interview people who are most knowledgable about the culture, these people are called what?

answer

key informants

question

In which design does the researcher frequently live with the people and become part of their culture?

answer

ethnography

question

What is the end purpose of ethnography?

answer

To develop cultural theories

question

Name a few ways in which ethnography data can be collected?

answer

-Participant observation -Interviews -Autoethnography (if applicable) -Other- drawings, writings, etc

question

Ethnography example - A researcher wants to understand child rearing practices among Jamaican parents. The researcher, who was originally from Jamaica, spends time with eight Jamaican families as a participant observer. How will this researcher attempt to minimize bias in the study?

answer

researchers will bracket, or make explicit, their own personal biases and beliefs, set them aside, and then try to understand the daily lives of the individuals as they live with them

question

Name the design. -Rooted in sociology and social interactions -Attempts to identify concerns/problems and basic social processes involved with how human beings solve or deal with problems -Focused on generating hypotheses and theories rather than testing them

answer

Grounded Theory

question

Name ways in which data can be collected and interpreted in grounded theory.

answer

-Interviews and participant observation -Diverse sample ("purposeful sampling") -Constant comparative method -Identify concepts and specify relationships

question

In which design is constant comparison used? This is where data are constantly compared to data that have already been gathered.

answer

Grounded Theory Studies

question

Does the grounded theory method use inductive or deductive approach to theory development?

answer

both

question

What are studies in which data is collected, and analyzed, and then and then a theory is developed?

answer

grounded theory studies

question

Despite the great diversity of data that are gathered, the grounded theory approach presume it is possible to discover fundamental patterns to all social life. What is this called?

answer

basic social processes

question

Is grounded theory more concerned with the generation or testing of hypothesis?

answer

generation

question

What example of action research involves a collaboration of the participants and researcher on all steps of the research process?

answer

CBPR = Community-Based Participatory Research

question

Which design concerns the idenfication, location, evaluation, and syntesis of data from the past?

answer

historical studies

question

Historical data should be subjected to both external and internal criticism. Which is concerned with the authenticity of the data? accuracy of data?

answer

authenticity = external accuracy = internal

question

In-depth examinations of people, groups of people, or institutions.

answer

case studies

question

Guidelines for critiquing qualitative designs

answer

p 141

question

Which of the of the following studies is considered qualitative? A. correlational B. ethnographic C. comparative D. methodological

answer

B. ethnographic

question

Grounded theory research was developed by two A. nurses B. physicians C. psychological D. sociologist

answer

D. sociologist

question

Margaret Mead was a researcher from what discipline? A. Anthropology B. Psychology C. Nursing

answer

A. Anthropology

question

Which of the following is true concerning the examination of historical research? A. Internal criticism should be considered before external criticism. B. External criticism should be considered before internal criticism. C. Both internal and external criticism should be considered simultaneously.

answer

B. External criticism should be considered before internal criticism.

question

Case studies may involve an in-depth examination of A. individuals B. groups of people C.institutions D. all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

Consider the title "The Lived Experiences of Surviving the Earthquake." This title would indicate which of the following types of qualitative research? A. ethnographic B. phenomenological C. historical D. grounded theory

answer

B. phenomenological

question

The review of literature in qualitative research is A. never conducted prior to the beginning of the study B. sometime conducted prior to the beginning of the study

answer

B. sometime conducted prior to the beginning of the study

question

Teresa Christy, a nurse, was involved in what type of qualitative research? A. action B. ethnographic C. historical D. phenomenological

answer

C. historical

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