Home Page Arts And Humanities Philosophy Ethics Foundations Of Professional Nursing Chapter 35 - Nutrition - Flashcards

Chapter 35 – Nutrition – Flashcards

Charles Clay

7 July 2022

question

Absorption

answer

Process where digested nurtients are transferred into circulation.

question

Anorexia

answer

Lack of appetite

question

Aspiration

answer

Misdirection of foreign contents into the larynx/lower respiratory tract.

question

Basal Metabolism

answer

Energy required to carry on the involuntary activiites of the body at rest, including metabolic activities of cells/tissues.

question

Body Mass Index

answer

Method to establish preferred body weight. calculated by weight (kg)/height (cm)^2

question

Calorie

answer

Measurement of energy in diets. Comes from proteins/carbohydrates/fats.

question

Carbohydrate

answer

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugars and Starches.

question

Cholesterol

answer

Fatlike subatnce found in animal products. Precursor to bile acids and steroid hormones.

question

Digestion

answer

The process of breaking down food to be used as nutrients.

question

Dysphagia

answer

Difficulty Swallowing. Inability to swallow. can result from poor dental health, cancer, neurological disease, dementia

question

Enteral Nutrition

answer

administering nutrients directly into the stomach

question

Gastric Residual

answer

feeding remaining in the stomach

question

Ketosis

answer

Accumulation of ketones in the blood stream.

question

Lipid

answer

Fats

question

Minerals

answer

Inorganic elements that help with body processess.

question

Nasogastric Tube (NG)

answer

Tube that is inserted through the nose and into the stomach.

question

Nasointestinal Tube (NI)

answer

Tube that is passed through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine.

question

NPO

answer

Nothing by mouth.

question

Nutrient

answer

Specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness/injury.

question

Nutrition

answer

The study of how food nourishes the body.

question

Obesity

answer

Body weight 20% or more above ideal weight.

question

Parenteral Nutrition

answer

administration of nutriional support via the intravenous route.

question

Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)

answer

less concentrated nutrition via IV therapy

question

Protein

answer

Nutrient required for the formation of all body structures.

question

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

answer

Recommendations for average daily amounts that healthy population groups should consume over time.

question

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

answer

-Highly concentrated/hypertonic nutrient solution. -administered through aa central venous access device -provides GI tract time to heal, promotes would and tissue healing

question

Trans Fat

answer

Fats that have molecular configurations where the human body cannot process/use. Found in partially hydrogenated oils.

question

Triglycerides

answer

Predominant form of fat in food and major storage form of fat in the body.

question

Vitamins

answer

Nutrients/Organic compounds that act as coenzymes within the body.

question

Waist Circumference

answer

Measurement of the waist in adults to gauge ideal body weight.

question

BMI Formula =

answer

Bodyweight in Kg / (Height in meters x Height in meters)

question

Underweight BMI

answer

< 18.5

question

Normal BMI ranges

answer

18.5 - 24.9

question

Overweight BMI

answer

25.0 - 29.9

question

Obesity Class I BMI

answer

30.0 - 34.9

question

BMI Obesity Class II

answer

35.0 - 39.9

question

BMI Extreme Obesity

answer

> 40

question

Caloric Requirements for Males

answer

Bodyweight in lb x 11

question

Caloric Requirements in Females

answer

Bodyweight in lb x 10

question

Fat Soluble Vitamins

answer

A, D, E, K

question

Function of Vitamin K

answer

Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting.

question

Function of Vitamin E

answer

Antioxidant; protects Vitamin A. Heme Synthesis

question

Function of Vitamin A

answer

Visual Processes. Maintenance/formation of skin and mucous membranes. Aids in immune function.

question

Function of Biotin, Niacin, Riboflavin, and Pantothenic Acid

answer

Metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins.

question

Function of B12

answer

Coenzyme in protein metabolism and formation of heme portion of hemoglobin.

question

Function of Folate

answer

RNA/DNA synthesis. Formation and maturation of red blood cells.

question

Function of Vitamin B6

answer

Coenzyme in protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism.

question

Function of Vitamin B Complex Thiamin

answer

Coenzyme in key reactions that product energy from glucose/carbs/fats metabolism.

question

Function of Vitamin C

answer

Collagen Formation. Antioxidant. Enhances iron absorption.

question

Vitamin C

answer

Asorbic Acid

question

Vitamin B6

answer

Pyridoxine

question

Vitamin B12

answer

Cyanocobalamin

question

Vitamin A

answer

Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

question

Vitamin D

answer

Cholecalciferol, ergosterol.

question

Vitamin E

answer

Tocopherol

question

2/3 of body's water content is located in

answer

intracellular fluid

question

Water accounts for ___ and ___ of adult's total weight.

answer

50%, 60%

question

As humans age, their water content

answer

decreases with age.

question

Older adults need ___ calories.

answer

less

question

Food may be

answer

symbolic

question

Goal of nutritional screening

answer

Find signs of malnourishment or risks of malnourishment

question

Easiest way to collect dietary data

answer

24 hour recall method.

question

Anthropometric data

answer

measurements used to determine body dimensions. Used to assess growth rate, protein and fat stores.

question

Alcohol intereferes with

answer

nutrient absorption/use.

question

Macrominterals

answer

Calcium, Phophorus, Magnesium, Sulfur, Potassium, Chloride

question

Microminerals

answer

Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Fluoride, Chromium, Selenium, Molydenum, Cobalt.

question

A nurse is calculating the body mass index of a 35-year-old male patient who is extremely obsese. The patient's height is 5'6" and his current weight is 325 pounds. What would the nurse document as his BMI?

answer

52.4

question

A nurse is helping an overweight female patient to devise a meal plan to lose 2 pounds per week. How many calories would the patient need to delete per day in order to accomplish this goal?

answer

1000 calories

question

A nurse is feeding an elderly patient who has dementia. Which intervention should the nurse perform to facilitate this process?

answer

Stroke the underside of the patient's chin to promote swallowing.

question

A 56-year old male patient who has COPD is refusing to eat. Which intervention would be most helpful in stimulating his appetite?

answer

encouraging food from home when possible.

question

A nurse is feeding a patient who is experiencing dysphagia. Which nursing intervention would hte nurse initiate for this patient?

answer

Provide a thirty-minute rest period prior to mealtime.

question

A nurse is evaluating patients to determine their need for total parenteral nutrition. Which patients would be the best candidates for this type of nutritional support?

answer

A patient with irritable bowel syndrome who has intractable diarrhea. A patient with celiac disease not absorbing nutrients from the GI tract. A patient with burns who has not been able to eat adequately for 5 days.

question

A nurse is feeding a patient who states that she is feeling nauseated and can't eat waht is being offered. What would be the most appropriate initial action of the nurse in this situation?

answer

Remove the tray from the room.

question

A 62-year-old male patient has been admitted to the alcoholic referral unit in the local hospital. Based on an understanding of the effects of alchohol on the GI tract, which is a priority concern related to nutrition?

answer

Vitamin B malnutrition

question

A nurse is caring for a newly placed gastrostomy tube of a postoperative patient. Which nursing action is performed correctly?

answer

The nurse dips a cotton-tipped applicator into sterile saline solution and gently cleans around the insertion side.

question

A nurse is assessing a patient who has been NPO prior to abdominal surgery. The patient is ordered a clear liquid diet for breakfast, to advance to a house diet as tolerated. Which assessments would indicate to the nurse that the patient's diet should not be advanced?

answer

The patient reports fullness and diarrhea after breakfast.

question

A patient who is moved to a hospital bed following throat surgery is ordered to receive continuous tube feedings through a smal-bore nasogastric tube. Following placement of the tube, which nursing action would the nurse initiate to ensure correct placement of the tube?

answer

Order radiographic examination of the tube.

question

Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be the most appropriate for a patient with a body mass index of 18?

answer

Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements.

question

A nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube ordered for a patient to monitor bleeding in his GI tract. When the tube is being passed through the pharynx, the patient begins to cough and show signs of respiratory distress. What would be the priority action of the nurse upon this assessment?

answer

Stop advancing the tube and pull it back into the nasal area.

question

A nurse is administering a tube feeding for a patient who is post bowel surgery. When attempting to aspirate the contents, the nurse notes that the tube is clogged. What would be the nurse's next action following this assessment?

answer

Use warm water and gntle pressure to remove the clog.

question

A nurse performs presurgical assessments of patients in an ambulatory care center. Which patient would the nurse report to the surgeon as possibly needing surgery to be postponed?

answer

A 43-year-old patient who takes ginko bolboa and an aspirin daily. (anticoagulants)

question

What factors influence nutrient requirements?

answer

developmental considerations gender state of health alcohol abuse medication

question

What factors influence food choices?

answer

economic factors religion meaning of food culture illiteracy language barriers knowledge of nutrition social isolation limited ability to obtain/purchase food

question

What are the different ways to assess dietary intake?

answer

24-hour recall method (easiest, but possibly not reliable) food diaries/calorie counts food frequency record diet history

question

How can the nurse help to stimulate appetite?

answer

serve small, frequent meals solicit food preferences and encourage favorite foods from home provide encouragement provide pleasant eating environment prepared food looks attractive no procedures or medications to interfere with eating time, do not interrupt meal time control pain, nausea or depression with med. encourage and provide good oral hygiene

question

How can a nurse provide dignity when assisting with eating?

answer

involve the person as much as possible allow patient to set pace provide appropriate drinks sit at patients eye level provide relaxed atmosphere engage in please conversation place napkin of person's clothes for protection (do not call it a bib) open containers, cut meat, apply condiments if desired

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question

Absorption

answer

Process where digested nurtients are transferred into circulation.

question

Anorexia

answer

Lack of appetite

question

Aspiration

answer

Misdirection of foreign contents into the larynx/lower respiratory tract.

question

Basal Metabolism

answer

Energy required to carry on the involuntary activiites of the body at rest, including metabolic activities of cells/tissues.

question

Body Mass Index

answer

Method to establish preferred body weight. calculated by weight (kg)/height (cm)^2

question

Calorie

answer

Measurement of energy in diets. Comes from proteins/carbohydrates/fats.

question

Carbohydrate

answer

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugars and Starches.

question

Cholesterol

answer

Fatlike subatnce found in animal products. Precursor to bile acids and steroid hormones.

question

Digestion

answer

The process of breaking down food to be used as nutrients.

question

Dysphagia

answer

Difficulty Swallowing. Inability to swallow. can result from poor dental health, cancer, neurological disease, dementia

question

Enteral Nutrition

answer

administering nutrients directly into the stomach

question

Gastric Residual

answer

feeding remaining in the stomach

question

Ketosis

answer

Accumulation of ketones in the blood stream.

question

Lipid

answer

Fats

question

Minerals

answer

Inorganic elements that help with body processess.

question

Nasogastric Tube (NG)

answer

Tube that is inserted through the nose and into the stomach.

question

Nasointestinal Tube (NI)

answer

Tube that is passed through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine.

question

NPO

answer

Nothing by mouth.

question

Nutrient

answer

Specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness/injury.

question

Nutrition

answer

The study of how food nourishes the body.

question

Obesity

answer

Body weight 20% or more above ideal weight.

question

Parenteral Nutrition

answer

administration of nutriional support via the intravenous route.

question

Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)

answer

less concentrated nutrition via IV therapy

question

Protein

answer

Nutrient required for the formation of all body structures.

question

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

answer

Recommendations for average daily amounts that healthy population groups should consume over time.

question

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

answer

-Highly concentrated/hypertonic nutrient solution. -administered through aa central venous access device -provides GI tract time to heal, promotes would and tissue healing

question

Trans Fat

answer

Fats that have molecular configurations where the human body cannot process/use. Found in partially hydrogenated oils.

question

Triglycerides

answer

Predominant form of fat in food and major storage form of fat in the body.

question

Vitamins

answer

Nutrients/Organic compounds that act as coenzymes within the body.

question

Waist Circumference

answer

Measurement of the waist in adults to gauge ideal body weight.

question

BMI Formula =

answer

Bodyweight in Kg / (Height in meters x Height in meters)

question

Underweight BMI

answer

< 18.5

question

Normal BMI ranges

answer

18.5 - 24.9

question

Overweight BMI

answer

25.0 - 29.9

question

Obesity Class I BMI

answer

30.0 - 34.9

question

BMI Obesity Class II

answer

35.0 - 39.9

question

BMI Extreme Obesity

answer

> 40

question

Caloric Requirements for Males

answer

Bodyweight in lb x 11

question

Caloric Requirements in Females

answer

Bodyweight in lb x 10

question

Fat Soluble Vitamins

answer

A, D, E, K

question

Function of Vitamin K

answer

Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting.

question

Function of Vitamin E

answer

Antioxidant; protects Vitamin A. Heme Synthesis

question

Function of Vitamin A

answer

Visual Processes. Maintenance/formation of skin and mucous membranes. Aids in immune function.

question

Function of Biotin, Niacin, Riboflavin, and Pantothenic Acid

answer

Metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins.

question

Function of B12

answer

Coenzyme in protein metabolism and formation of heme portion of hemoglobin.

question

Function of Folate

answer

RNA/DNA synthesis. Formation and maturation of red blood cells.

question

Function of Vitamin B6

answer

Coenzyme in protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism.

question

Function of Vitamin B Complex Thiamin

answer

Coenzyme in key reactions that product energy from glucose/carbs/fats metabolism.

question

Function of Vitamin C

answer

Collagen Formation. Antioxidant. Enhances iron absorption.

question

Vitamin C

answer

Asorbic Acid

question

Vitamin B6

answer

Pyridoxine

question

Vitamin B12

answer

Cyanocobalamin

question

Vitamin A

answer

Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

question

Vitamin D

answer

Cholecalciferol, ergosterol.

question

Vitamin E

answer

Tocopherol

question

2/3 of body's water content is located in

answer

intracellular fluid

question

Water accounts for ___ and ___ of adult's total weight.

answer

50%, 60%

question

As humans age, their water content

answer

decreases with age.

question

Older adults need ___ calories.

answer

less

question

Food may be

answer

symbolic

question

Goal of nutritional screening

answer

Find signs of malnourishment or risks of malnourishment

question

Easiest way to collect dietary data

answer

24 hour recall method.

question

Anthropometric data

answer

measurements used to determine body dimensions. Used to assess growth rate, protein and fat stores.

question

Alcohol intereferes with

answer

nutrient absorption/use.

question

Macrominterals

answer

Calcium, Phophorus, Magnesium, Sulfur, Potassium, Chloride

question

Microminerals

answer

Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Fluoride, Chromium, Selenium, Molydenum, Cobalt.

question

answer

52.4

question

A nurse is helping an overweight female patient to devise a meal plan to lose 2 pounds per week. How many calories would the patient need to delete per day in order to accomplish this goal?

answer

1000 calories

question

A nurse is feeding an elderly patient who has dementia. Which intervention should the nurse perform to facilitate this process?

answer

Stroke the underside of the patient's chin to promote swallowing.

question

A 56-year old male patient who has COPD is refusing to eat. Which intervention would be most helpful in stimulating his appetite?

answer

encouraging food from home when possible.

question

A nurse is feeding a patient who is experiencing dysphagia. Which nursing intervention would hte nurse initiate for this patient?

answer

Provide a thirty-minute rest period prior to mealtime.

question

A nurse is evaluating patients to determine their need for total parenteral nutrition. Which patients would be the best candidates for this type of nutritional support?

answer

question

A nurse is feeding a patient who states that she is feeling nauseated and can't eat waht is being offered. What would be the most appropriate initial action of the nurse in this situation?

answer

Remove the tray from the room.

question

answer

Vitamin B malnutrition

question

A nurse is caring for a newly placed gastrostomy tube of a postoperative patient. Which nursing action is performed correctly?

answer

The nurse dips a cotton-tipped applicator into sterile saline solution and gently cleans around the insertion side.

question

answer

The patient reports fullness and diarrhea after breakfast.

question

answer

Order radiographic examination of the tube.

question

Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be the most appropriate for a patient with a body mass index of 18?

answer

Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements.

question

answer

Stop advancing the tube and pull it back into the nasal area.

question

answer

Use warm water and gntle pressure to remove the clog.

question

A nurse performs presurgical assessments of patients in an ambulatory care center. Which patient would the nurse report to the surgeon as possibly needing surgery to be postponed?

answer

A 43-year-old patient who takes ginko bolboa and an aspirin daily. (anticoagulants)

question

What factors influence nutrient requirements?

answer

developmental considerations gender state of health alcohol abuse medication

question

What factors influence food choices?

answer

economic factors religion meaning of food culture illiteracy language barriers knowledge of nutrition social isolation limited ability to obtain/purchase food

question

What are the different ways to assess dietary intake?

answer

24-hour recall method (easiest, but possibly not reliable) food diaries/calorie counts food frequency record diet history

question

How can the nurse help to stimulate appetite?

answer

question

How can a nurse provide dignity when assisting with eating?

answer

Chapter 35 – Nutrition – Flashcards

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