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Absorption

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Process where digested nurtients are transferred into circulation.

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Anorexia

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Lack of appetite

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Aspiration

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Misdirection of foreign contents into the larynx/lower respiratory tract.

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Basal Metabolism

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Energy required to carry on the involuntary activiites of the body at rest, including metabolic activities of cells/tissues.

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Body Mass Index

answer

Method to establish preferred body weight. calculated by weight (kg)/height (cm)^2

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Calorie

answer

Measurement of energy in diets. Comes from proteins/carbohydrates/fats.

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Carbohydrate

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Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugars and Starches.

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Cholesterol

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Fatlike subatnce found in animal products. Precursor to bile acids and steroid hormones.

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Digestion

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The process of breaking down food to be used as nutrients.

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Dysphagia

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Difficulty Swallowing. Inability to swallow. can result from poor dental health, cancer, neurological disease, dementia

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Enteral Nutrition

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administering nutrients directly into the stomach

question

Gastric Residual

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feeding remaining in the stomach

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Ketosis

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Accumulation of ketones in the blood stream.

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Lipid

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Fats

question

Minerals

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Inorganic elements that help with body processess.

question

Nasogastric Tube (NG)

answer

Tube that is inserted through the nose and into the stomach.

question

Nasointestinal Tube (NI)

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Tube that is passed through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine.

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NPO

answer

Nothing by mouth.

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Nutrient

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Specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness/injury.

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Nutrition

answer

The study of how food nourishes the body.

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Obesity

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Body weight 20% or more above ideal weight.

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Parenteral Nutrition

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administration of nutriional support via the intravenous route.

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Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)

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less concentrated nutrition via IV therapy

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Protein

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Nutrient required for the formation of all body structures.

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Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

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Recommendations for average daily amounts that healthy population groups should consume over time.

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Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

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-Highly concentrated/hypertonic nutrient solution. -administered through aa central venous access device -provides GI tract time to heal, promotes would and tissue healing

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Trans Fat

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Fats that have molecular configurations where the human body cannot process/use. Found in partially hydrogenated oils.

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Triglycerides

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Predominant form of fat in food and major storage form of fat in the body.

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Vitamins

answer

Nutrients/Organic compounds that act as coenzymes within the body.

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Waist Circumference

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Measurement of the waist in adults to gauge ideal body weight.

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BMI Formula =

answer

Bodyweight in Kg / (Height in meters x Height in meters)

question

Underweight BMI

answer

< 18.5

question

Normal BMI ranges

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18.5 - 24.9

question

Overweight BMI

answer

25.0 - 29.9

question

Obesity Class I BMI

answer

30.0 - 34.9

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BMI Obesity Class II

answer

35.0 - 39.9

question

BMI Extreme Obesity

answer

> 40

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Caloric Requirements for Males

answer

Bodyweight in lb x 11

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Caloric Requirements in Females

answer

Bodyweight in lb x 10

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Fat Soluble Vitamins

answer

A, D, E, K

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Function of Vitamin K

answer

Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting.

question

Function of Vitamin E

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Antioxidant; protects Vitamin A. Heme Synthesis

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Function of Vitamin A

answer

Visual Processes. Maintenance/formation of skin and mucous membranes. Aids in immune function.

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Function of Biotin, Niacin, Riboflavin, and Pantothenic Acid

answer

Metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins.

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Function of B12

answer

Coenzyme in protein metabolism and formation of heme portion of hemoglobin.

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Function of Folate

answer

RNA/DNA synthesis. Formation and maturation of red blood cells.

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Function of Vitamin B6

answer

Coenzyme in protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism.

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Function of Vitamin B Complex Thiamin

answer

Coenzyme in key reactions that product energy from glucose/carbs/fats metabolism.

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Function of Vitamin C

answer

Collagen Formation. Antioxidant. Enhances iron absorption.

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Vitamin C

answer

Asorbic Acid

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Vitamin B6

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Pyridoxine

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Vitamin B12

answer

Cyanocobalamin

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Vitamin A

answer

Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

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Vitamin D

answer

Cholecalciferol, ergosterol.

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Vitamin E

answer

Tocopherol

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2/3 of body's water content is located in

answer

intracellular fluid

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Water accounts for ___ and ___ of adult's total weight.

answer

50%, 60%

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As humans age, their water content

answer

decreases with age.

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Older adults need ___ calories.

answer

less

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Food may be

answer

symbolic

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Goal of nutritional screening

answer

Find signs of malnourishment or risks of malnourishment

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Easiest way to collect dietary data

answer

24 hour recall method.

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Anthropometric data

answer

measurements used to determine body dimensions. Used to assess growth rate, protein and fat stores.

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Alcohol intereferes with

answer

nutrient absorption/use.

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Macrominterals

answer

Calcium, Phophorus, Magnesium, Sulfur, Potassium, Chloride

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Microminerals

answer

Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Fluoride, Chromium, Selenium, Molydenum, Cobalt.

question

A nurse is calculating the body mass index of a 35-year-old male patient who is extremely obsese. The patient's height is 5'6" and his current weight is 325 pounds. What would the nurse document as his BMI?

answer

52.4

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A nurse is helping an overweight female patient to devise a meal plan to lose 2 pounds per week. How many calories would the patient need to delete per day in order to accomplish this goal?

answer

1000 calories

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A nurse is feeding an elderly patient who has dementia. Which intervention should the nurse perform to facilitate this process?

answer

Stroke the underside of the patient's chin to promote swallowing.

question

A 56-year old male patient who has COPD is refusing to eat. Which intervention would be most helpful in stimulating his appetite?

answer

encouraging food from home when possible.

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A nurse is feeding a patient who is experiencing dysphagia. Which nursing intervention would hte nurse initiate for this patient?

answer

Provide a thirty-minute rest period prior to mealtime.

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A nurse is evaluating patients to determine their need for total parenteral nutrition. Which patients would be the best candidates for this type of nutritional support?

answer

A patient with irritable bowel syndrome who has intractable diarrhea. A patient with celiac disease not absorbing nutrients from the GI tract. A patient with burns who has not been able to eat adequately for 5 days.

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A nurse is feeding a patient who states that she is feeling nauseated and can't eat waht is being offered. What would be the most appropriate initial action of the nurse in this situation?

answer

Remove the tray from the room.

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A 62-year-old male patient has been admitted to the alcoholic referral unit in the local hospital. Based on an understanding of the effects of alchohol on the GI tract, which is a priority concern related to nutrition?

answer

Vitamin B malnutrition

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A nurse is caring for a newly placed gastrostomy tube of a postoperative patient. Which nursing action is performed correctly?

answer

The nurse dips a cotton-tipped applicator into sterile saline solution and gently cleans around the insertion side.

question

A nurse is assessing a patient who has been NPO prior to abdominal surgery. The patient is ordered a clear liquid diet for breakfast, to advance to a house diet as tolerated. Which assessments would indicate to the nurse that the patient's diet should not be advanced?

answer

The patient reports fullness and diarrhea after breakfast.

question

A patient who is moved to a hospital bed following throat surgery is ordered to receive continuous tube feedings through a smal-bore nasogastric tube. Following placement of the tube, which nursing action would the nurse initiate to ensure correct placement of the tube?

answer

Order radiographic examination of the tube.

question

Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be the most appropriate for a patient with a body mass index of 18?

answer

Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements.

question

A nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube ordered for a patient to monitor bleeding in his GI tract. When the tube is being passed through the pharynx, the patient begins to cough and show signs of respiratory distress. What would be the priority action of the nurse upon this assessment?

answer

Stop advancing the tube and pull it back into the nasal area.

question

A nurse is administering a tube feeding for a patient who is post bowel surgery. When attempting to aspirate the contents, the nurse notes that the tube is clogged. What would be the nurse's next action following this assessment?

answer

Use warm water and gntle pressure to remove the clog.

question

A nurse performs presurgical assessments of patients in an ambulatory care center. Which patient would the nurse report to the surgeon as possibly needing surgery to be postponed?

answer

A 43-year-old patient who takes ginko bolboa and an aspirin daily. (anticoagulants)

question

What factors influence nutrient requirements?

answer

developmental considerations gender state of health alcohol abuse medication

question

What factors influence food choices?

answer

economic factors religion meaning of food culture illiteracy language barriers knowledge of nutrition social isolation limited ability to obtain/purchase food

question

What are the different ways to assess dietary intake?

answer

24-hour recall method (easiest, but possibly not reliable) food diaries/calorie counts food frequency record diet history

question

How can the nurse help to stimulate appetite?

answer

serve small, frequent meals solicit food preferences and encourage favorite foods from home provide encouragement provide pleasant eating environment prepared food looks attractive no procedures or medications to interfere with eating time, do not interrupt meal time control pain, nausea or depression with med. encourage and provide good oral hygiene

question

How can a nurse provide dignity when assisting with eating?

answer

involve the person as much as possible allow patient to set pace provide appropriate drinks sit at patients eye level provide relaxed atmosphere engage in please conversation place napkin of person's clothes for protection (do not call it a bib) open containers, cut meat, apply condiments if desired

Chapter 35 – Nutrition – Flashcards

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