question

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

answer

Democratic president who created the New Deal to counter the effects of the Great Depression

question

Eleanor Roosevelt

answer

Wife and Cousin of FDR, most active and first first lady

question

37. What kind of man was FDR?

answer

A man made strong from his debilitating condition and with a golden speaking voice. When he was Governor of NY he would always look out for the common people

question

38. What was Roosevelt's campaign message in the 1932 election?

answer

Recover, Relieve, Reform, Don't overlook the forgotten man, he would balance the budgets of Hoover.

question

39. What were the immediate results of Roosevelt's victory?

answer

The transition of Black Voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic.

question

New Deal

answer

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

question

Banking Holiday

answer

Roosevelt-declared closing of all U.S. financial institutions on March 6-10, 1933, in order to stop panic and prepare reforms

question

Hundred Days

answer

The special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days.

question

Three R's

answer

Relief, Recovery, Reform

question

40. Describe the New Deal.

answer

Roosevelt began his term with the hundred days congress in which he gave government extraordinary blank check powers as well as embranced many progressive ideas such as insurance for old, minimum wage and conservation

question

Fireside Chats

answer

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

question

Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act

answer

that provided the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) which insured individual deposits up to $5000, thereby eliminating the epidemic of bank failure and restoring faith to banks.

question

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

answer

It provides deposit insurance, which guarantees the safety of deposits in member banks, currently up to $250,000 per depositor per bank

question

Managed Currency

answer

FDR took the country off the gold standard and then inflated the currency by buying gold at higher prices. To relieve the misery of the debtor.

question

41. What were the key aspects of FDR's monetary policy?

answer

FDR passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act which gave him power to regulate banks, he then passed the Glass-Stegall Banking reform act which created the FDIC insuring banks with up to 5,000 for each person. FDR aimed for inflation.

question

Pump Priming

answer

Government action taken to stimulate the economy, as spending money in the commercial sector, cutting taxes, or reducing interest rates

question

CCC

answer

Civilian Conservation Corps. It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.

question

FERA

answer

EXISTING IN A WILD OR UNTAMED STATE

question

Harry Hopkins

answer

in charge of Works Progress Administration,

question

AAA

answer

Agricultural Adjustment Administration: attempted to regulate agricultural production through farm subsidies; ruled unconstitutional in 1936; disbanded after World War II

question

HOLC

answer

(Home Owners' Loan Corporation) Relief and Recovery. Helped home-owners and mortgage companies. government payed companies for the home-owners so they could keep their homes and pay off w/ lower interest and longer time.

question

CWA

answer

Civil Works Adminstration: emergency work relief program, put more than four million people to work during the winter of 1933-34

question

42. Explain the difference between New Deal agencies and what radical critics wanted the government to do.

answer

CCC- Civilian COnservvation CORps- Jops to 3 million FERA- Fedreal Emergency Relief Act and Administration- 3 billion 3 direct relief and for civil works projects CWA-Civilian Works Administration- Used to provided emergency jobs during winter, branch of Fera AAA- Agricultural Adjustment Act- dollars to help meet morgages HOLC- Home owners Loan Corporation- money to help people pay for homes

question

Father Charles Coughlin

answer

Decidedly Anti New Deal

question

Huey Long

answer

Advocated for sharing of wealth, 5,000 to each family

question

Dr. Francis E. Townsend

answer

In support of giving 200 a month to elderly people

question

WPA

answer

Work Progress Administration: Massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting; disbanded by FDR during WWII

question

43. List other historical demagogues.

answer

Coughlin- Anti New Deal Long- 5,000 to every family Townsend- Pro Old People 200 monthly pay WPA- Works Public Administration gave employment

question

Frances Perkins

answer

First Female secretary of labour

question

Mary McLeod Bethune

answer

United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)

question

Ruth Benedict

answer

Developed the "culture and personality" movement, establishing the study of cultures as collective personalities.

question

Margaret Mead

answer

Coming of Age in Samoa

question

Pearl Buck

answer

novelist who won Nobel Peace prize, advanced humanitarian causes. "Americans in China"

question

44. Explain the factors that made it possible for these women to gain fame.

answer

Perkins- first female secretary of labor Bethune- advisor to FDR and founded school Benedict/Reed- anthropologist Buck- novel about peasant life in china

question

NRA

answer

National Recovery Administration: established and adminstered a system of industrial codes to control production, prices, labor relations, and trade practices

question

Sick Chicken Decision

answer

Supreme Court decision in 1935 causing the collapse of the NRA. It said that Congress could not delegate legislative powers to the president.

question

PWA

answer

(Public Works Administration) Relief and Recovery. Harold Ikes was in charge. It was a longterm and industrial recovery and an unemployment relief.

question

Harold Ickes

answer

Secretary of Interior and Director of PWA

question

45. How did the NRA attempt to restore industry?

answer

NRA wanted to restore industry by lowering the number of hours of a shift to increase jobs Schetcher Sick Chicken Decision made it so that the president could not have legislative powers

question

46. HOw did the federal government attempt to help farmers?

answer

By telling/paying them not to farm, The Agricultural Adjustment Administration told farmers to work less and to set their goods at parity prices, original prices to up purchasing power Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment cut down on land use

question

Dust Bowl

answer

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.

question

Okies and Arkies

answer

people from Oklahoma and Arkansas whose farms and homes were destroyed by the drought and dust storms and therefore they decided to move to the West Coast, only to find that they were not welcome there

question

The Grapes of Wrath

answer

The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California. based on the great depression written by John Steinbeck

question

Indian Reorganization Act

answer

1934 - Restored tribal ownership of lands, recognized tribal constitutions and government, and provided loans for economic development.

question

47. HOw did nature cause problems for some farmers on the plains?

answer

The great Dust Bowl made the area infertile causing the people to flee to California, Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act temporarily suspended mortgage foreclosure to counter this

question

san Joaquin Valley

answer

Okies went to this place in CA the most

question

Okievilles

answer

a few Okies were able to buy land and erect small houses creating "Okievilles" or "Little Oklahoma's". They formed a bed rock of a still thriving subculture in California.

question

48. In what ways were things better in California? In what were they the same?

answer

Better in that the land was useable, bad in that poverty was the same.

question

Federal Securities Act

answer

(FDR) 1933, 1934, , required promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks and bonds

question

SEC

answer

Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

question

49. "Reformist New Dealers were determined from the outset to curb the money changes...." Explain.

answer

Congress passed the "Truth in Securities Act" (Federal Securities Act), requiring promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information, as well as Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). It was designed as a watchdog administrative agency.

question

TVA

answer

(Tennessee Valley Authority Act) Relief, Recover, and Reform. one of the most important acts that built a hyro-electric dam for a needed area.

question

Creeping Socialism

answer

Conservatives believed that many of the New Deal programs were begining to resemble socailism programs

question

50. What arguments were used for and against the TVA project?

answer

Good, full employment, cheap power, reforestation, flood control Bad, looks like socialism

question

FHA

answer

Federal Housing Administration

question

Social Sercurity

answer

The federal government's program for providing income when earnings are reduced or stopped by retirement, disability, or death.

question

51. How did the FHA and Social Security attempt to help some of society's least fortunate?

answer

FHA-faster housing USHA- lend money for cheap construction Socia security- insurance

question

Wagner Act

answer

1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

question

National Labor Relations Board

answer

A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations.

question

CIO

answer

Congress of Industrial Organizations. proposed by John L. Lewis in 1932. a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.

question

JOhn L. Lewis

answer

He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act.

question

Sit-down STrike

answer

method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment

question

52. How did labor respond to the improvement of conditions brought about by the New Deal

answer

Wagner Act produced the NLRB which served to ensure protest rights. CIO formed by Lewis to organize strikes

question

Alfred Landon

answer

govenor from kansas who ran for president against Roosevelt in 1936 election; didn't except Social Security Act

question

AMerican Liberty League

answer

A conservative anti-New Deal organization; members included Alfred Smith, John W. Davis, and the Du Pont family. It criticized the "dictatorial" policies of Roosevelt and what it perceived to be his attacks on the free enterprise system.

question

53. WHat was the significance of the 1936 election?

answer

FDR beat Ladon with south blacks urbanites and poor

question

54. WHy did Roosevelt ask Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court?

answer

To balance out the existing Hoover ultraconservatives

question

Court Packing

answer

Attempt by Roosevelt to appoint one new Supreme Court justice for every sitting justice over the age of 70 who had been there for at least 10 years. Wanted to prevent justices from dismantling the new deal. Plan died in congress and made opponents of New Deal inflamed.

question

Hugo Black

answer

Justice who argued the First Amendment protects all publications, even wholly obscene ones.

question

55. WHat were the consequences of FDR's attempt to pack the Court?

answer

Justice Roberts voted liberal, eventually FDR appointed all 9 first of whom was Hugo Black, FDR however lost much political goodwill

question

Roosevelt Recession

answer

1937 economic downturn caused by sound fiscal policy due to cut spending and higher taxes

question

John Maynard Keynes

answer

British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the govt had to spend money to encourage investment and consumption

question

Hatch Act

answer

1939 - Prohibited federal office holders from participating actively in political campaigns or soliciting or accepting contributions.

question

56. Assess the successful of FDR in his second term.

answer

Economy downturn had to be dealt with, Keyenian economics, planned deficit spending used. Reorgaizational Act gave FDR admin powers. Hatch act banned all political spending

question

57. WHat criticism of the New Deal seems most fair to you? Least Fair?

answer

Most fair, that it shot up the debt Least fair, that it should not have happened

question

Arthur Schlesinger Jr.

answer

Wrote "A Thousand Days" about the JFK presidency

question

Carl Degler

answer

Said New Deal was a revolutionary response to a revolutionary situation

question

Constraints School of Historians

answer

a group of historians writing about the New Deal in the 1970s 80s and 90s. They conclude that the new deal offered as much reformist circumstances allowed and as the majority of Americans wanted.

question

New Deal Coalition

answer

coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

question

59. What did William Leuechtenburg mean when he called the New Deal a "half-way revolution?" (Your answer should focus more on the information before this term than on the information after it.)

answer

Revolutions ususally are in factor of one extreme or another, the new deal was about reform not revolution and rooselvet wasn't interested in throwing out the old system, just making amendments to the current

Chapter 33: The Great Depression And The New Deal Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards