question

1932 Republican candidate

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Herbert Hoover

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1932 Democratic candidate former NY governor

answer

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

question

FDR's wife active in politics loved by liberals and hated by conservatives

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Eleanor Roosevelt

question

blacks became active in the ___ party beginning in 1932 (especially in the North)

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Democratic

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March 6-10 declared by FDR prelude to banks opening on sounder basis

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bank holiday

question

Emergency Congress March 9-June 16, 1933 passed laws to help improve state of the country

answer

Hundred Days Congress

question

focused on relief and recovery and reform involved numerous corporations/administrations

answer

New Deal

question

short-range goals of New Deal

answer

relief

question

short-range was immediate long-range was permanent

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recovery

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long-range goals of New Deal

answer

reform

question

some New Deal programs allowed the President to ___ ___ declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

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create legislation

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some New Deal laws gave legislative authority to the President

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blank check powers

question

embraced by New Deal legislation included unemployment insurance, old-age insurance, minimum-wage regulations, conservation and development of natural resources, and restrictions on child labor

answer

progressive ideas

question

passed in 1933 gave the President power to: a) regulate banking transactions b) regulate foreign exchange c) reopen banks

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Emergency Banking Relief Act

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given over the radio by FDR meant to soothe public's confidence in banks

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fireside chats

question

FDIC created by Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act insured individual bank deposits up to $5000 ended bank failure epidemic

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

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passed in 1933 created the FDIC

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Glass Steagall Banking Reform Act

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only ___ money was acceptable for transactions

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paper

question

one New Deal goal was to create modest ___ relieve debtors' burdens and stimulate production achieved by buying gold at increasing prices increased amount of dollars in circulation

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inflation

question

CCC employed 3 million men in government camps reforested, fought fires, controlled floods, and drained swamps

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Civilian Conservation Corps

question

created the FER Administration first effort to deal with unemployment

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Federal Emergency Relief Act

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FERA gave states direct relief payments or wage money

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Federal Emergency Relief Administration

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CWA branch of FERA designed to provide temporary winter jobs leaf-raking and manual labor jobs

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Civil Works Administration

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AAA gave money to farmers to help with mortgages

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Agricultural Adjustment Act

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HOLC helped households with mortgages

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Home Owners' Loan Corporation

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preached anti-New Deal speeches on the radio

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Charles Coughlin

question

created "Share Our Wealth" program every family in America was to receive $5000

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Huey Long

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created plan to give every citizen over the age of 60 $200 a month

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Francis Townsend

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WPA meant to provide employment for public service projects (like construction) criticized for paying for useless jobs (like painting)

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Works Progress Administration

question

woman who expanded field of anthropology

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Ruth Benedict

question

woman who wrote about Chinese peasants won 1938 Nobel literature prize

answer

Pearl Buck

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NRA cornerstone New Deal agency designed to bring industries together for fair (for businesses and workers) business practices working hours reduced minimum wage established workers allowed to organize

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National Recovery Administration

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Supreme Court case in 1935 NRA was declared unconstitutional because it: a) gave legislative powers to the President b) allowed Congress to control individual businesses not just interstate commerce

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Schechter vs United States

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PWA intended to provide long-term recovery led by Harold L. Ickes spent $4 billion on buildings/highways/dams/etc

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Public Works Administration

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led the Public Works Administration

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Harold Ickes

question

repealed prohibition meant to raise federal revenue and provide employment

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21st amendment

question

AAA attempted to reduce crop surpluses and lower crop prices paid farmers to reduce their crop harvests

answer

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

question

when the price of an asset is directly linked to the price of another asset created for crops by the AAA

answer

parity prices

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aka Soil Conservation Act passed in 1936 reduced crop acreage by paying farmers to plant soil-conserving crops

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Domestic Allotment Act

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passed in 1938 continued conservation payments farmers were eligible for payments if they obeyed acreage restrictions on specific commodities

answer

Second Agricultural Adjustment Act

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affected many states in the Great Plains caused by drought, wind, and over-farming

answer

dust bowl

question

passed in 1934 suspended mortgage foreclosures on farms for 5 years struck down in 1935 by the Supreme Court

answer

Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act

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passed in 1935 moved farm-less farmers to better land

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Resettlement Administration

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passed in 1934 encouraged Native American tribes to establish self-government and preserve native crafts and traditions 77 tribes refused

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Indian Reorganization Act

question

aka Truth in Securities Act meant to protect public against investment fraud required people selling investments to inform investors of any risks

answer

Federal Securities Act

question

SEC created in 1934 provided oversight of the stock market

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Securities and Exchange Commission

question

TVA created in 1933 by the Hundred Days Congress designed to construct dams on Tennessee River provided jobs, long-term recovery, and information on how much money was required to produce and distribute electricity

answer

Tennessee Valley Authority

question

FHA passed in 1934 attempted to improve home-building industry gave small loans to homeowners for the purpose of improving their homes and buying new ones

answer

Federal Housing Administration

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USHA passed in 1937 designed to lend money to states or communities for low-cost housing developments

answer

United States Housing Authority

question

passed in 1935 provided federal-state unemployment insurance purpose was to provide support for urbanized Americans who could not support themselves with a farm

answer

Social Security Act

question

aka Wagner Act passed in 1935 meant to help labor unions created the National Labor Relations Board for administrative purposes reasserted the rights of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively through representatives of its own choice

answer

National Labor Relations Act

question

boss of the United Mine Workers formed the Committee for Industrial Organization in 1935

answer

John Lewis

question

led by John L. Lewis led a series of strikes including the sit-down strike at the General Motors automobile factory in 1936

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Committee for Industrial Organization

question

aka Wages and Hours Bill passed in 1938 interstate commerce industries had to set up minimum wage and maximum hour levels children under 16 were forbidden to work

answer

Fair Labor Standards Act

question

name of CIO after joining the AFL in 1938

answer

Congress of Industrial Organizations

question

1936 Republican candidate condemned New Deal for radicalism, experimentation, and confusion

answer

Alfred Landon

question

passed in 1933 shortened the period from election to inauguration by 6 weeks

answer

20th amendment

question

legislation proposed by FDR in 1937 would allow him to add liberal justices to the Court a new justice would be added for every member over the age of 70 who would not retire

answer

court-packing plan

question

former conservative Supreme Court justice who began to support the New Deal

answer

Owen Roberts

question

1937 economic downturn caused by ___ ___ consumer spending reduced by Social Security tax Roosevelt administration spending reduced to keep a balanced budget

answer

reduced spending

question

British economist embraced by FDR after 1937 downturn

answer

John Maynard Keynes

question

government money used to "prime the pump" of the economy and encourage consumer spending intentionally creates a budget deficit

answer

Keynesianism economics

question

passed in 1939 prevented federal administrative officials from active political campaigning and soliciting forbade the use of government funds for political purposes forbade collection of campaign contributions from people receiving relief payments

answer

Hatch Act

question

increased from $19 trillion to $40 trillion in 7 years opponents blamed the President for spending too much money on New Deal prgrams

answer

national debt

question

___ outpaced spending despite the New Deal

answer

production

Chapter 32 = The Great Depression and the New Deal – Flashcards

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