Question 1

1. The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

Accepted Answer

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

Question 2

2. The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are:

Accepted Answer

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation.

Question 3

3. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

Question 4

4. Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

cyanosis.

Question 5

5. After forming a general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

Accepted Answer

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

Question 6

6. Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an unconscious infant or child, you must:

Accepted Answer

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.

Question 7

7. To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

Accepted Answer

place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders.

Question 8

8. All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

head bobbing.

Question 9

9. Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

Accepted Answer

retracting.

Question 10

10. A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called:

Accepted Answer

stridor.

Question 11

11. Signs of impending respiratory arrest in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

nasal flaring.

Question 12

12. When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial or ________ artery.

Accepted Answer

femoral.

Question 13

13. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

Accepted Answer

not rule out compensated shock.

Question 14

14. Capillary refill time (CRT) is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children less than:

Accepted Answer

6 years of age.

Question 15

15. After squeezing the end of a child\'s finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

Accepted Answer

2 seconds

Question 16

16. Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

Accepted Answer

has a history suggestive of a serious illness.

Question 17

17. The purpose of the transition phase is to:

Accepted Answer

allow the infant or child to become familiar with you and your equipment.

Question 18

18. Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than ___ years of age.

Accepted Answer

3

Question 19

19. Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

Accepted Answer

sexual activity

Question 20

20. A detailed physical exam should be performed, if possible, when an infant or child:

Accepted Answer

has experienced a significant MOI.

Question 21

21. The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to:

Accepted Answer

use a length-based resuscitation tape measure.

Question 22

22. Before positioning an infant or child\'s airway, you should:

Accepted Answer

place him or her on a firm surface

Question 23

23. An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may:

Accepted Answer

cause the child to vomit.

Question 24

24. Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year of age.

Question 25

25. If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

Accepted Answer

stimulate the vagus nerve.

Question 26

26. When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should:

Accepted Answer

depress the tongue with a tongue depressor.

Question 27

27. When assessing an infant\'s ventilation status, you should:

Accepted Answer

observe the abdomen for rise and fall.

Question 28

28. Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

Accepted Answer

his or her tidal volume is adequate.

Question 29

29. When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to:

Accepted Answer

place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup.

Question 30

30. Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

Accepted Answer

Unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations

Question 31

31. When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-valve mask device, the EMT-B should:

Accepted Answer

block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.

Question 32

32. The MOST appropriate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during BVM ventilations is to:

Accepted Answer

observe the chest for adequate rise.

Question 33

33. A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

Accepted Answer

croup.

Question 34

34. Infection should be considered as a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

Accepted Answer

drooling or congestion.

Question 35

35. Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

wheezing.

Question 36

36. Signs of a severe upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include:

Accepted Answer

an ineffective cough.

Question 37

37. Which of the following statements regarding airway obstructions in children is MOST correct?

Accepted Answer

Finger sweeps are indicated only if you can visualize the foreign body.

Question 38

38. Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

positive-pressure ventilations.

Question 39

39. Which of the following newborns requires positive-pressure ventilations and chest compressions?

Accepted Answer

Central cyanosis; respirations, slow; pulse, 50 beats/min

Question 40

40. Vigorous suctioning of a newborn\'s airway is indicated if:

Accepted Answer

there is meconium in the amniotic fluid.

Question 41

41. Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of:

Accepted Answer

respiratory or circulatory failure.

Question 42

42. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is indicated in children over 1 year of age if:

Accepted Answer

you have an AED with a pediatric adaptor.

Question 43

43. In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with:

Accepted Answer

severe hypoxia and bradycardia.

Question 44

44. The MOST common cause of traumatic death in infants and children is:

Accepted Answer

head trauma.

Question 45

45. Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

Accepted Answer

older than 8 to 10 years of age.

Question 46

46. An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:

Accepted Answer

grunting.

Question 47

47. The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

Accepted Answer

bradycardia.

Question 48

48. A common cause of shock in an infant is:

Accepted Answer

vomiting and diarrhea.

Question 49

49. Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 50

50. The LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children is:

Accepted Answer

blood pressure.

Question 51

51. Common signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

slowed or decreased level of activity.

Question 52

52. Most seizures in children:

Accepted Answer

are due to fever alone.

Question 53

53. Children younger than ____ year(s) of age should always be in a rear-facing car seat when being transported.

Accepted Answer

1

Question 54

54. When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should:

Accepted Answer

secure the torso before the head.

Question 55

55. Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include:

Accepted Answer

restlessness.

Question 56

56. A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

Accepted Answer

perform abdominal thrusts.

Question 57

57. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

Accepted Answer

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.

Question 58

58. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is not moving and does not appear to be conscious or breathing. You should:

Accepted Answer

stabilize his head and open his airway.

Question 59

59. A 2-year-old female fell from a second-story window and landed on her head. She is unconscious, has slow and shallow respirations, and a heart rate of 90 beats/min. In addition to spinal immobilization, you should:

Accepted Answer

insert an oral airway, assist ventilations, and transport rapidly.

Question 60

60. A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant\'s mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant\'s heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanel appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

Accepted Answer

moderate dehydration.

Question 61

61. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

Accepted Answer

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

Question 62

62. A 5-year-old male presents with respiratory distress, a low-grade fever, and a cough that resembles a barking seal. The child\'s mother tells you that he has had a runny nose for the past few days and then developed a cough that worsened at night. On the basis of this child\'s presentation, you should suspect:

Accepted Answer

croup.

Question 63

63. During your treatment of a 4-year-old male with a severe foreign body airway obstruction, he becomes unconscious. You place him supine on the ground and attempt ventilations; however, the child\'s chest does not rise. You should:

Accepted Answer

reposition his head and reattempt ventilations.

Question 64

64. A 9-year-old male was electrocuted when he stuck a pin into an electrical socket. Your initial assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. A second ambulance is dispatched to the scene for backup. As your partner begins CPR, you should:

Accepted Answer

immediately prepare to attach the AED.

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