Chapter 3 World History – Flashcards
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India
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On Indian subcontinent; cut off from Asia by Himalayan Mts.
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Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
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Major Cities at were well planned with wide roads, water systems and storage houses
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Vedas
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Aryans great works of religious literature
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Brahmins
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Priest who conduct Indo-Aryan religious rituals
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Upanishads
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Collection of explanations and teachings that became basis for Hindu religion
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Caste System
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Form of social organization; 4 classes called Varnas
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Pariahs
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Untouchable class; lowest caste class
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Maya
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Illusion that we see the world as
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Reincarnation
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Soul is reborn over an over to reject Maya
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Dharma
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Doing one's moral duty so soul can advance to next life
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Monsoons
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Brought much of the year's rainfall to most of India
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Aryans
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Entered India in 1750BC; Shaped social structure and religious development
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Sanskirt
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Aryan language
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Benefit from being Cut off From Asia
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Protected from invasions; hold on to ways of life
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Epics
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Poems based on historical or religious themes; Two main ones = Mahabharata and Ramayana
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Jati
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3000 different jati; born into it, could not change and determined your job
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Founder of Buddhism, called Buddha
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Salvation in Buddhism comes from
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Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path
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2 groups of Buddhism
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Theravada, Mahayana
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karma
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Good or bad force created by a person's action
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Nirvana
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Perfect peace
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Animals in Hindu
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seen as sacred
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Magadha Kingdom
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1st to try to unify much of India
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Ashoka
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Ruler who expanded Mauryan Empire to include nearly all of India; Living conditions improved under his rule
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Chandra Gupta Maurya
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Established Mauryan Empire as Magadha was declining
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Samudra Gupta
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Ruler who reigned during the golden age of the Gupta Empire
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Golden Age of Gupta
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Arts, science and learning flourished in the Gupta society
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Women in India
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Had some rights, but not equal to men
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Suttee
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Widows committed suicide by throwing themselves on top of their husbands flaming funeral pyres
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Nalanda
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Famous Buddhist University
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Medical Advancements of India
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Inoculation, Plastic Surgery, Bone Setting, Disinfection, Spinal Cord Knowledge
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Decline of Gupta
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Gave much power to local leaders
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Polygny
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Having more than one wife
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Stupa
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Dome shaped shrine for Buddha
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Aryabhata
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Mathematician who was one of the first to use Algebra
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Deccan Plateau
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Dry highland that makes up southern 2/3rds of India
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Raja
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Princes who led tribes in India
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Guru
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Teacher
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Jainism
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Developed by a religious leader called mahavira
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Ahimsa
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Jainism practice that involves nonviolence towards all living things
