Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function Review- Biology – Flashcards
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The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover?
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Cells
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The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the most basic unit of life, and?
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All living cells are produced by other living cells
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What is present only in eukaryotic cells?
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nucleus
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What is true about bacterial cells?
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they are prokaryotes
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Whats the main difference between animal and plant cells?
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Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, animal cells dont
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Specialized structures that work together are called?
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organelles
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Which organelle processes, sorts, and delivers protein?
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Golgi Apparatus
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Which organelle holds DNA?
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Nucleus
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What is the term for the jelly like substance inside a cell?
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Cytoplasm
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What network of proteins helps support a cell's shape?
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Cytoskeleton
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What is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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What does ribosomes create?
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proteins
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What type of fiber does not make up the cytoskeleton?
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cytotubles
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Which organelle supplies energy to the cell?
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mitochondria
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What's the function of a cell wall?
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gives support to a cell, protects it
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Unlike the cell wall, the cell membrane?
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is in every cell
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Which organelle stores food, water, and other needed materials?
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vacuole
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Which organelle contains enzymes that break down old or damaged cells?
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lysosomes
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What is the structure of the cell membrane?
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layered
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What is a phospholipid composed of?
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a polar head and non-polar tail
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Which model did scientists develop to describe the cell membrane?
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fluid mosaic model
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What is selective permeability?
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some molecules can pass
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A protein that detects a signal molecule and preforms an action in response is called a?
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receptor
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Which substance on the plasma membrane detects chemical signals outside the cell?
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carbohydrate
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What is passive transport?
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Requires no energy from cell
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What is an example of passive transport?
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facilitated diffusion "Being passive, facilitated transport does not directly require chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis in the transport step itself; rather, molecules and ions move down their concentration gradient "
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The movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower is known as?
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Active transport
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What is the term for the diffusion of water across a membrane?
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osmosis
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A solution that is hypotonic has?
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fewer solutes than the cell Hypo- means under, below
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At what point in the process of diffusion is equilibrium reached?
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When the movement of the molecules stops being random
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Water moves out of a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is?
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hypertonic
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A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What happens to it?
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It swells
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The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a?
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Concentration gradient
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The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient is called?
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Facilitated diffusion
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Unlike passive, active transport requires?
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Energy from the cell
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Which organelle is involved in endocytosis?
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Vesciles
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What process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents?
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Exocytosis
