question

The main energy source for the brain and red blood cells

answer

glucose

question

An example of a monosaccharide is

answer

fructose

question

Newly absorbed monosaccharides travel in the blood to the

answer

liver

question

Lactose intolerant is

answer

associated with stomach upset, such as bloating

question

Gluconeogenesis depends mostly on

answer

protein

question

In the absences of adequate glucose in the blood, the by-products of incomplete fat metabolisms are

answer

ketones

question

Epinephrine will increase

answer

blood glucose

question

A symptom of low blood sugar

answer

shakiness

question

The latest DRI for carbs recommend for adults is a daily minimum of

answer

130 grams

question

Foods and beverages that contain this sweetener must carry a warning label that says phenylalaline is present

answer

aspartame

question

Based on the DRi for fiber, an adult with a daily intake of 2000 calories is encouraged to consume

answer

28 grams

question

The AMDR for carbs is

answer

45-65%

question

To avoid reactive hypoglycemia, one can

answer

consume smaller, well balanced meals throughout the day

question

For long-term health, one should consume more

answer

complex carbs

question

The sugar listed on the Nutrition Facts Panel for milk is mainly

answer

lactose

question

Fermentable sugars and starches can cause

answer

dental caries

question

Phosphoric and citric acids used in making sodas can

answer

cause tooth erosion

question

People with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to control their intake of

answer

protein

question

Impaired glucose tolerance is also known as

answer

prediabetes

question

A risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes

answer

obesity

question

Meat and dairy products are good sources of dietary fiber

answer

False

question

As fruit ripens, sugars are linked together to form starch

answer

False

question

Enriched grains have added b vitamins, iron, and fiber

answer

False

question

The missing ingredient in whole wheat fiber is folic acid

answer

True

question

Over 80% of American's grain choices are whole grains

answer

False

question

Brush border enzymes are located in the microvilli of the large intestine

answer

False

question

Fructose and galactose are converted to glucose in the liver

answer

True

question

Emotional and physical stress can trigger the release of epinephrine

answer

True

question

During fasting, glucose is the primary fuel source for the body

answer

False

question

Honey should never be given to children under one year of age

answer

True

question

Many glucose units linked together in straight and branched chains

answer

polysaccharide

question

The storage for of glucose in the body

answer

glycogen

question

Enzyme in saliva that begins starch digestion

answer

amylase

question

Released when blood sugar is high

answer

insulin

question

Released when blood sugar is low

answer

glucagon

question

Viscous substances found in oats and beans

answer

soluble fiber

question

Cellulose, lignins, gums, and pectin are naturally found in plants

answer

dietary fiber

question

Psyllium is added to ready-to-eat cereals for its laxative effect

answer

functional fiber

question

The green pigment in plants that absorbs energy from sunlight for making carbs

answer

chlorophyll

question

A process by which green plants create carbs using energy from sunlight

answer

photosynthesis

question

Name the 3 monosaccharides

answer

glucose, fructose, galactose

question

Name the 3 disaccharides

answer

sucrose, maltose, lactose

question

Name the 3 polysaccharides

answer

starch, fiber, glucagon

question

The main role of carbs is to supply building materials for muscles

answer

false

question

About 80 million people age 20 years and older have prediabetes

answer

true

question

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that an intense regiment that controled blood glucose had no effect on the development of complications from type 1 diabetes

answer

false

question

How many grams of fiber per 1000 calories is recommended by DRI

answer

14 grams

question

All the nutrients and phytochemicals lost in the processing of wheat flour are added back in the enrichment process

answer

false

question

Which sweetener should not be given to infants younger than one year because of the risk of botulism

answer

honey

question

If poorly managed, diabetes can increase the likelihood of

answer

amputation, eye disease, kidney disease

question

All of these hormones will increase blood glucose levels

answer

glucagon, adrenaline, epinephrine

question

Approximately how long does it take for your liver glycogen stores to be depleted

answer

18 hrs

question

The number one food or beverage source of added sugars in the United States s

answer

soda

question

People who follow a low-carb diet are often in ketosis because

answer

they are unable to break down fat completely

question

What is the function of glycogen?

answer

to store glucose in humans and animals

question

Simple carbs include the monosaccharides and disaccharides

answer

True

question

Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance

answer

false

question

The artificial sweetener Splenda contains __________ which is a modified sucrose molecule

answer

sucralose

question

The disaccharide lactose is composed of glucose and

answer

galactose

question

Insulin and glucagon are hormones released by the

answer

pancreas

question

Symptoms of _________ include anxiety, turning pale, shakiness, and hunger

answer

hypoglycemia

question

The following are health benefits of eating __________: lowers risk of diverticulosis, obesity, and constipation

answer

insoluble fiber

question

People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest

answer

milk sugar

question

All the following are names for __________: malt syrup, high fructose corn syrup, dextrose

answer

sugar

question

During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients through the GI tracts and transports them to the

answer

liver

question

Which is the sloshing motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions of the intestine?

answer

segmentation

question

All of the following are involved in _________ _________: chewing, grinding, peristaltic movement of food

answer

mechanical digestion

question

___________ stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas

answer

cholecystokinin

question

Bile is released into the __________ __________ in response to the ingestion of fat

answer

gi tract

question

The majority of digestion occurs in the

answer

small intestine

question

Bicarbonate functions as an emulsifier in the duodenum

answer

false

question

Insulin is the enzyme that breaks down complex carbs in glucose

answer

false

question

Bile is released into the go tract through the duodenum

answer

false

question

The sphincter between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine is the ileocecal sphincter

answer

True

question

Pendular movement, segment, and peristalsis move the chyme through the small intestine

answer

true

question

Pepsin and gastrin are produced in the stomach

answer

true

question

The following are functions of the ________: storing glycogen, detoxifying alcohol, producing bile

answer

liver

question

The risk of celiac disease may be decreased by breast feeding rather than formula feeding infants

answer

true

question

Bile is made in the

answer

liver

question

Bile is stored in the

answer

galbladder

question

The windpipe is known as the

answer

trachea

question

Bile is released into the

answer

small intestine

question

Bile is released in response to ingestion of

answer

fat

question

The following are all part of _______: fiber, water, sloughed-off gastrointestinal cells

answer

feces

question

Most of the vitamin production and absorption of water occurs within the first half of the

answer

colon

question

Shockwave therapy may be useful in treating which disorder

answer

gallstones

question

Dysphagia can be due to tumors or barriers in the throat

answer

true

question

Which food leaves the stomach first?

answer

carbs

question

The following are true about the __________ __________: absorbs most nutrients, secreted digestive enzymes, contains villi

answer

small intestine

question

Peptic ulcers are generally due to a bacterial infection

answer

true

question

The changes in colon rhythm

answer

ibs

question

Where is food stored?

answer

rectum

question

The _____ opens to allow elimination of stool

answer

anus

question

The following are roles of the ________ ___________: maintains internal fluid environment, aids immune system, transports digested fat from gi tract to blood

answer

lymphatic system

question

A side effect of orlistat may be anal leakage, especially if too much fat is ingested

answer

true

question

Sodium bicarbonate is released by the

answer

pancreas

question

The function of bicarbonate is to

answer

raise pH and neutralize stomach acid

question

Orlistat blocks up to one-third of the fat in the food you eat from being absorbed

answer

true

question

Mucosal damage caused by gluten in foods is called

answer

celiac disease

question

Where is hcl produced?

answer

stomach

question

The basic categories of _______: bitter, salty, sweet, sour, umami

answer

taste

question

When food is chewed and mixed with saliva it is called

answer

bolus

question

What prevents the food from passing into the trachea

answer

epiglottis

question

Sweet 'N Low is the trade name for

answer

saccharin

question

Nutrasweet and Equal are trade names for

answer

Aspartame

question

Splenda is the trade name for

answer

sucralose

question

Glucose and fructose join to make

answer

sucrose

question

Two glucose units join to make

answer

maltose

question

Glucose and galactose join to make

answer

lactose

question

Glycogen is found in the

answer

liver, muscle cells

question

The straight chains in a polysaccharide are

answer

amylose

question

The branched chains in a polysaccharide are

answer

amylopectin

question

The skins of many fruits contain

answer

cellulose

question

What are the accessory organs?

answer

pancreas, liver, gallbladder

question

The ________ is 30 feet long

answer

gi tract

question

Peristalsis and pendular movement are different words for the same muscular movement of the gi tract

answer

false

question

Mucosal damage caused by gluten in foods

answer

celiac disease

question

Absorption of water and vitamins occurs in the

answer

colon

question

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid is

answer

gastrin

question

The ____________ is the primary site for food digestion within the human body in small intestine

answer

duodenum

question

The sphincter in the body of the stomach that separates the pylorus from the duodenum of the small intestine

answer

pyloric

question

The digestive enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down protein

answer

pepsin

question

Amylase digests

answer

carbs

question

Lipase digests

answer

fats

question

Protease digests

answer

protein

question

_________ is released to signal the rest of the GI tract to prepare for digestion; stimulates the release of HCl, increases gastric motility

answer

gastrin

question

________ is released to stimulate hunger

answer

ghrelin

question

________ is a hormone that stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes when digested protein and fat enter the small intestine; also controls pace of digestion, and contributes to meal satisfaction

answer

cholecystokinin

question

__________ can be due to tumors or barriers in the throat

answer

dysphagia

question

The gateway between the end of the small intestine and beginning of the large intestine; prevents back flow of fecal content from large intestine to small intestine

answer

ileocecal sphincter

question

________ can be reused up to 20 times

answer

bile

question

A yellowish green fluid made in the liver and concentrated in gallbladder that helps emulsify fat and prepare it for digestion

answer

bile

question

The process of absorbing nutrients across intestinal membrane with help of a carrier molecule

answer

facilitated diffusion

question

the process of absorbing nutrients with the help of a carrier molecule and energy

answer

active transport

question

__________ is caused by the reflux of gastric content from stomach into the esophagus

answer

heartburn

question

The appendix hangs from descending colon

answer

false

question

___________ can be due to a low-liquid, low fiber diet

answer

constipation

question

1 to 5 mL of _______ is released into small intestine every 30 seconds

answer

chyme

question

Pepsin and gastrin are produced in the

answer

stomach

question

During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients through the gi tract and transports them to the

answer

liver

question

The _________ _________ refers to the measured upward rise, peak, and eventual fall of blood glucose

answer

glycemic index

question

The _________ __________ adjusts the glycemic index to take into account the amount of carbs consumed in a typical serving of food

answer

glycemic load

question

A blood glucose level that is too low is _______

answer

hypoglycemia

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