Chapter 25 The Urinary System – Flashcards
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The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.
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True
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The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.
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True
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Urine is 95% water by volume.
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True
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The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.
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True
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Glomerular filtration is an ATP driven process.
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False
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In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.
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True
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The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH
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False
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The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle.
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True
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Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.
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False
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Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.
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True
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Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.
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False
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The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
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False
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Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.
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False
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Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.
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True
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The myogenic mechanism reflects the the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.
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False
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An excessive urine output is called anuria.
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False
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Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.
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True
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The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.
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False
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Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.
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True
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The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.
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False
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Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.
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True
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Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.
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True
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Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.
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False
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The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the
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loop of Henle
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Urine passes through the
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pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra.
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Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?
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Vasa Recta
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An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a (n)
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increase in the production of ADH.
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The urinary bladder is composed of
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transitional epithelium.
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The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin
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by a decrease in the blood pressure.
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Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?
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eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat.
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Which gland sits atop each kidney?
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Adrenal
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The arcuate artery
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lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
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The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it
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is drained by an efferent arteriole.
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The descending limb of the loop of Henle
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contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla
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Select the correct statement about the ureters
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The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it
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stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position.
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The renal copuscle is made up of
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Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
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The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the
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nephron
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for
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regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure.
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The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is
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glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)
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Which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters?
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They are trilayers (mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia)
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Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?
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The male urethra serves both the urinary and reproductive systems at the same time.
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Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturion (voiding)?
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the stretching of the bladder wall.
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The filtration membrane includes all except
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renal fascia
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The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is
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osmosis
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Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is
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hormonally controlled in the distal tubule segments.
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The macula densa cells respond to
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changes in solute content of the filtrate.
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Which of the following is not reabsorped by the proxmal convoluted tubule?
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Creatinine
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The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of
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plasma protein
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Alcohol acts a diuretic because it
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inhibits the release of ADH
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The function of angiotensin II is to
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contrict arterioles and increase blood pressure.
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A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is
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diabetes insipidus
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An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is
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1.001 - 1.035
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Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.
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Nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, to urethra
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Select the correct statement about the nephrons
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The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.
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What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?
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Net filtration would decrease
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Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
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podocyte cells
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Tubular reabsorption
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by passive process requires ATP to move solutes from the interior of the tubule to the blood.
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Which of the following is not a reason why substances are either not reabsorbed or are incompletely reabsorbed from the nephron?
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They are extremely complex molecules.
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Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by
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secondary active transport
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Which of the choices below is a function of the loop of Henle?
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form a large volume of very dilute urine or small volume of very concentrated urine.
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Fetal kidneys do not have to work very hard because
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the placenta allows the mother's urinary system to clear the waste from fetal blood.
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Which of the following best describes the kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)
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Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.
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The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the
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glomerular hydrostatic pressure
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If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will
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appear in the urine.
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If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean?
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Normally all glucose is reabsorped.
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Excretion of dilute urine requires
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impermeability of the collecting tubule to water.
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Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?
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by secreting sodium ions
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In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle the
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thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption.
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Select the correct statement about urinary system development?
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kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.
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Which of the choices below does not describe the importance of tubular secretion?
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ridding the body of bicarbonate ions.
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Which statement is correct?
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Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled.
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What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
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help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys.
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Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?
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macula densa
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Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?
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ADH
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Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?
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electrolyte levels
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Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reapsorption and secretion?
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Angiotensin II and aldosterone
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Which of the cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?
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macula densa cells
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The capillary bed that surrounds the descending and ascending loop of Henle of juxtamdelluary nephrons is called the
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Vasa Recta
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Urine Crystals in the renal pelvis are called
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renal calculi
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The need to get up in the middle of the night to urinate is called
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nocturia
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The area between the ureters and urethra is called the
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TRIGONE in a bladder
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The MYOGENIC
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mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.
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The presences of pus in the urine is a condition called
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PYURIA
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Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane is called
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OBLIGATORY water reabsorption.
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