question

If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.

answer

False

question

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

answer

True

question

The Ureter transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

answer

True

question

Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.

answer

True

question

The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.

answer

True

question

The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.

answer

True

question

Urine is 95% water by volume.

answer

True

question

The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.

answer

True

question

Glomerular filtration is an ATP driven process.

answer

False

question

In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

answer

True

question

The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH

answer

False

question

The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle.

answer

True

question

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.

answer

False

question

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

answer

True

question

Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.

answer

False

question

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.

answer

False

question

Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.

answer

False

question

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.

answer

True

question

The myogenic mechanism reflects the the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.

answer

False

question

An excessive urine output is called anuria.

answer

False

question

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.

answer

True

question

The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.

answer

False

question

Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

answer

True

question

The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.

answer

False

question

Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.

answer

True

question

Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.

answer

True

question

Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.

answer

False

question

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the

answer

loop of Henle

question

Urine passes through the

answer

pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra.

question

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

answer

Vasa Recta

question

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a (n)

answer

increase in the production of ADH.

question

The urinary bladder is composed of

answer

transitional epithelium.

question

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin

answer

by a decrease in the blood pressure.

question

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?

answer

eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat.

question

Which gland sits atop each kidney?

answer

Adrenal

question

The arcuate artery

answer

lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

question

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it

answer

is drained by an efferent arteriole.

question

The descending limb of the loop of Henle

answer

contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla

question

Select the correct statement about the ureters

answer

The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.

question

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it

answer

stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position.

question

The renal copuscle is made up of

answer

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

question

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the

answer

nephron

question

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for

answer

regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure.

question

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is

answer

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)

question

Which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters?

answer

They are trilayers (mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia)

question

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

answer

The male urethra serves both the urinary and reproductive systems at the same time.

question

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturion (voiding)?

answer

the stretching of the bladder wall.

question

The filtration membrane includes all except

answer

renal fascia

question

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

answer

osmosis

question

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is

answer

hormonally controlled in the distal tubule segments.

question

The macula densa cells respond to

answer

changes in solute content of the filtrate.

question

Which of the following is not reabsorped by the proxmal convoluted tubule?

answer

Creatinine

question

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of

answer

plasma protein

question

Alcohol acts a diuretic because it

answer

inhibits the release of ADH

question

The function of angiotensin II is to

answer

contrict arterioles and increase blood pressure.

question

A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is

answer

diabetes insipidus

question

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is

answer

1.001 - 1.035

question

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.

answer

Nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, to urethra

question

Select the correct statement about the nephrons

answer

The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.

question

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?

answer

Net filtration would decrease

question

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

answer

podocyte cells

question

Tubular reabsorption

answer

by passive process requires ATP to move solutes from the interior of the tubule to the blood.

question

Which of the following is not a reason why substances are either not reabsorbed or are incompletely reabsorbed from the nephron?

answer

They are extremely complex molecules.

question

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by

answer

secondary active transport

question

Which of the choices below is a function of the loop of Henle?

answer

form a large volume of very dilute urine or small volume of very concentrated urine.

question

Fetal kidneys do not have to work very hard because

answer

the placenta allows the mother's urinary system to clear the waste from fetal blood.

question

Which of the following best describes the kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)

answer

Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.

question

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the

answer

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

question

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will

answer

appear in the urine.

question

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean?

answer

Normally all glucose is reabsorped.

question

Excretion of dilute urine requires

answer

impermeability of the collecting tubule to water.

question

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

answer

by secreting sodium ions

question

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle the

answer

thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption.

question

Select the correct statement about urinary system development?

answer

kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.

question

Which of the choices below does not describe the importance of tubular secretion?

answer

ridding the body of bicarbonate ions.

question

Which statement is correct?

answer

Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled.

question

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

answer

help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys.

question

Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?

answer

macula densa

question

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?

answer

ADH

question

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?

answer

electrolyte levels

question

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reapsorption and secretion?

answer

Angiotensin II and aldosterone

question

Which of the cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?

answer

macula densa cells

question

The capillary bed that surrounds the descending and ascending loop of Henle of juxtamdelluary nephrons is called the

answer

Vasa Recta

question

Urine Crystals in the renal pelvis are called

answer

renal calculi

question

The need to get up in the middle of the night to urinate is called

answer

nocturia

question

The area between the ureters and urethra is called the

answer

TRIGONE in a bladder

question

The MYOGENIC

answer

mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.

question

The presences of pus in the urine is a condition called

answer

PYURIA

question

Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane is called

answer

OBLIGATORY water reabsorption.

Chapter 25 The Urinary System – Flashcards

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