Chapter 24: World War II – Flashcards
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Who tried to help Japanese Americans, who had lost property during relocation?
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Japanese American Citizens League
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What was created to stabilize both wages and prices during World War II?
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Office of Price Administration
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What were the gardens that produced more food for the war effort called?
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victory gardens
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Who was the highest ranking African American officer in the U.S. Army?
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Benjamin O. Davis
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What was the first civil rights agency established by the federal government since the Reconstruction era?
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Fair Employment Practices Commission
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Who was the symbol of the campaign to hire women during the wartime labor shortage?
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"Rosie the Riveter"
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What term means "the collection of tin, metal, paper, and other materials that could be used for the war?"
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scrap drives
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Who was the head of the Sleeping Car Porters union that organzied a march on Washington in order to protest discrimination in war industries?
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A. Philip Randolph
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Who organized a march on Washington on July 01, 1941 to protest discrimination?
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A. Philip Randolph
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What was the result of a presidential order allowing the military to declare any part of the United States to be a military zone?
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Many Japanese Americans were moved to internment camps
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What was the purpose of the Office of Price Administration?
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rationing or limiting the availibility of many consumer products to make sure enough were available for military use
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What was the name of the campaign when the Pittsburgh Courier argued that African Americans should join the war effort in order to achieve a double victory over Hitler's racism and racism at home?
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"Double V"
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What didn't contribute to the Soviet Victory in the Battle of Stalingrad?
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a massive Allied invasion
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How did the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Korematsu v. the United States concerning the relocation of Japanese Americans?
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constitutional because it was based on military urgency
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What is an example of racial tensions during the war years?
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"zoot-suit" riots in Los Angeles
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Which general commanded the American invasion of North Africa on November 08, 1942?
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Why did migrant farmworkers became an important part of the Southwest's agricultural system?
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the Bracero program was instilled
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Why did Roosevelt create the Fair Employment Practices Commission?
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to enforce nondiscrimination in hiring workers in defense industries
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What did most men wore in order to save fabric for the war?
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"victory suit"
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How did the Allied bombing of Germany in 1942 change the war?
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It helped pave the way for a later all-out offensive
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What was name of the famous African American squadron?
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Tuskegee Airmen
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What is the name of an all-Nisei unit; most decorated military unit in U.S. history?
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442nd Regimental Combat Team
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Where did the Big Three meet to discuss postwar plans?
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Yalta Conference
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Who campaigned against discriminatory practices in the United States?
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A. Philip Randolph
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What is the term that means "limiting the amount of certain goods that civilians can buy?"
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rationing
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What was the U.S. organization designed to aid Eastern European Jews?
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War Refugee Board
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What is the term that means "the willful annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group?"
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genocide
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What is the name of the strategy used for capturing strategic Pacific locations?
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island hopping
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What is the name of the fostered cooperation between the Great Powers?
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United Nation
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What was the two-front strategy that was used to defeat Hitler?
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"Europe First" strategy
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Why were many Jews prevented from leaving Germany?
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some countires refused to accept them during the Great Depression
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Why was President Truman's chief priority in using the atomic bomb against Japan?
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to save American's lives
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What limited the U.S. response to the Holocaust?
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the focus of U.S. resources on defeating Hitler
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Where was the worst incident of racial violence that the wartime migration cause?
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Detroit, Michigan
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What did the African Americans do in the years closely following World War II?
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they renewed their efforts to work for civil rights
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How did wartime pressures create a break from the past?
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many women took jobs that fell outside the traditional realm of women's work
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Which two nations emerged as the strongest following World War II?
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the Soviet Union and the United States
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What was a result of the Battle of Midway?
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Japan never again threatened Pacific domination
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How did Japan change politically after World War II?
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a new constitution enacted democratic reforms
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What did many African Americans do during World War II?
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they joined organizations dedicated to fighting segregation
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What happened during the 1945 conference in Potsdam?
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the Big Three formalized the plan to divide Germany in four zones of occupation
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How did population shifts change American life during the war?
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The Southwest became a growing cultural, social, economic, and political force
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What did Reinhard Heydrich do at the 1942 Wannsee Conference?
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he outlined a plan to exterminate about 11,000,000 Jews
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What was an effect of the D-Day invasion?
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the Allies took an important step toward reaching Berlin
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Why did Stalin want Berlin and the United States to open a second front in France?
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He wanted Germany to divide its troops between two fronts
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What was Hitler's final solution?
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a plan to exterminate all Jews living in Third Reich-controlled regions
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Where was the largest Nazi death camp located at?
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Dachau
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Why was the United Nations (U.N.) organized?
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to encourage cooperation between the Great Powers
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What was an effect that World War II had on American women?
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The war accelerated a trend toward white-collar employment for women
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Why did the Allies adopt a "Europe First" strategy?
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Germany was considered a serious long-term threat
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What was an effect of the Battle of the Bulge?
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Germany used its reserves and demoralized its troops in the battle
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What describes the Battle of Midway?
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Admiral Yamamoto wanted to force U.S. defenses back to the California coast
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What was did the Office of Price Administration do?
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it had the authority to control wages and set maximum prices
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Who made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan?
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Harry S. Truman
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How did Allied bombing of Germany in 1942 changed the war?
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it helped paved the way for a later all-out offensive
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Which group did Nazi ideology consider superior to other people?
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Aryans
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What did American leaders learn at Kasserine Pass in North America?
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they needed aggressive officers and troops better trained for desert fighting
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Why did Japanese Americans generally faced more restrictions than Italian or German Americans during World War II?
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they were more isolated from other Americans
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What happened following the battle of Stalingrad?
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Hitler's plans of dominating Europe had ended
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Why did the Japanese forces do as American forces approached Japan?
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they fought to the end, preferring to kill themselves rather than surrender
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How did the Executive Order 9066 affect civil liberties in the United States?
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it designated war zones from which anyone could be removed
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What following event took place at the Tehran Conference?
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Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to attack Germany on the Western Front
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What did Hitler's economic persecution of Jews in Germany involve?
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the barring of Jews from working in civil service
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What is one result of World War II?
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Colonial peoples renewed their drive for independence from European powers
