chapter 24: sexually transmitted diseases and hiv/aids
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
asymptomatic
answer
showing no symptoms or only mild symptoms that disappear after the onset of an infection
question
transmit
answer
to send from one person or place to another
question
sexually transmitted diseases
answer
diseases that spread from person to person through sexual contact
question
sexually transmitted infections
answer
another name for sexually transmitted diseases
question
Identify two factors that cause STDs and whether they can be cured.
answer
• bacterial infection — can be cured with medication • viruses — incurable, but can be treated with antiviral medication
question
Name the six most common STDs and list the symptoms of each.
answer
• Genital HPV Infection: both: genital warts • Chlamydia: male: penis discharge; burning during urination female: bleeding between menstrual cycle; lower abdominal back pain both: pain and itching; nausea; fever • Genital Herpes: both: blisters around genitals and rectum; sores; flu-like symptoms; swollen glands • Gonorrhea: male: burning sensation when urinating; swollen testicles female: bleeding between periods both: vaginal and penis discharge (different color urine) • Trichomoniasis: male: irritation; mild burning during urination/ejaculation female: vaginal discharge; strong odor • Syphilis: both: single sore on the genitals; skin rash; fame internal organs
question
List four reasons why STDs sometimes go undiagnosed and untreated.
answer
1. embarrassment/fear 2. lack of symptoms 3. misinformation 4. notification policies
question
Explain the only successful method for preventing the spread of STDs.
answer
abstinence — not engaging in high-risk behaviors
question
List four high-risk behaviors that people should avoid in order to prevent contracting STDs.
answer
1. bring sexually active with more than one person 2. engaging in unprotected sex 3. engaging in sexual activity with high-risk partners 4. using alcohol and other drugs (it impairs judgement)
question
Explain why it is important to diagnose and treat STDs early.
answer
It can cause serious long term consequences.
question
Identify the diagnosis methods and treatments for each of the following STDs.
answer
• Genital HPV Infection: - Pap test; physical exam - no cure; warts can clear up with or without antiviral meds • Chlamydia: - urine test; tests on collected specimen - cured with antibiotics • Genital Herpes: - visual inspection; testing on infected sore; blood test - no cure; antiviral meds can help with outbreaks • Gonorrhea: - lab test; urine test - antibiotics; damage can't be repaired • Trichomoniasis: - lab test; physical exam - prescription meds (antiviral meds) • Syphilis: - physical exam; blood test - penicillin/antibiotics
question
Explain two ways that people can help prevent the spread of STDs.
answer
• practice abstinence • report any known infections
question
lymphocytes
answer
specialized white blood cells that perform many of the functions of the specific immune system
question
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
answer
a virus that attacks the immune system
question
antibodies
answer
proteins that act against specific antigen; help to destroy pathogens that enter the body
question
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
answer
a disease in which the immune system is weakened
question
confine
answer
to keep within limits
question
Explain the difference between HIV and AIDS.
answer
• HIV: virus that attack the immune system; finds and destroys white blood cells • AIDS: disease that weakens the immune system; leaves body open to other diseases; final stage in HIV
question
Explain the circumstances through which an infected person can spread HIV to another individual.
answer
infected body fluids touched another's broken skin in mucous membrane (found in genitals and mouth)
question
List three ways HIV can be spread.
answer
1. sexual intercourse 2. sharing needles 3. from mother to baby through the umbilical cord
question
Explain how HIV/AIDS affects the immune system.
answer
kills white cells and then weakens the system
question
Identify the four stages of HIV infections and list the characteristics of each stage.
answer
1. Asymptomatic Stage: - last for 10 years - largely confined to lymph nodes — invades and takes over helper T cells 2. Middle Stage: - occurs in 40%-70% of infected patients - fever; headache; sore throat; rash; diarrhea; enlarged lymph nodes 3. Symptomatic Stage: - helper T cells FALL to 200-400 per mL of blood - flu-like symptoms; headaches; skin rash; fever; body aches; swollen glands; diminished appetite/weight loss 4. AIDS Stage: - helper T cells DROP to less than 200, one, or more - AIDS leads to opportunistic illnesses (ex. the cold)
