Chapter 22,23,24,25,26 – Flashcards

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The ideology of progressivism, insofar as it had one, generally
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mixed a liberal concern for the poor with a conservative wish to control social disorder.
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McClure's magazine pioneered a new style of journalism featuring writers like Lincoln Steffens who
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presented carefully researched exposés of corporate and government abuses.
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Journalists who exposed corruption in government and industry were called
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muckrakers.
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A popular new way of thinking called pragmatism asked the question,
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"Does it work?"
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The belief that laws are to be interpreted according to experience and the needs of a changing society is best described as
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sociological jurisprudence
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What was the subject of the Keating-Owen Act?
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child labor
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Margaret Sanger worked to provide women with information about
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birth control.
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What was the key difference between Alice Paul's Congressional Union and the activities of the National American Woman Suffrage Association?
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The Congressional Union was more militant in its tactics.
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On the issue of racial discrimination, progressives generally
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ignored the question altogether.
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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called on the "talented tenth" to publicly oppose segregation, disenfranchisement, and discrimination.
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The new science called ________ gave respectability to the idea that new immigrants to the U.S. were biologically inferior.
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eugenics
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For the most part, how did progressives respond to an increase in the number of immigrants?
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They stressed Americanization programs.
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Based on the attitudes that progressives had toward immigration, alcohol consumption, prostitution, and racial discrimination, what can you conclude about who constituted the progressives?
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The progressives were a diverse group with sometimes conflicting positions.
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Why was Theodore Roosevelt's intervention in the 1902 anthracite coal strike important?
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It showed that he would intervene on behalf of labor, as well as management.
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Theodore Roosevelt saw government's role in implementing the "Square Deal" as capitalization.
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mediation.
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What is an accurate comparison of the two competing brands of political progressivism in the 1912 presidential campaign (Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" and Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom")
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The New Nationalism accepted concentrations of capital, labor, and government; the New Freedom stressed competitiveness among small business and reduced government power.
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In 1913 a compromise was reached regarding the regulation of banking and this compromise was codified in the
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Federal Reserve Act.
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In the nineteenth century, the primary revenue source for the federal government was
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alcohol taxes and customs duties.
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Woodrow Wilson's executive style was different than Theodore Roosevelt's in that Wilson
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shaped policy and legislation to a greater degree.
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The "Brandeis Brief," as innovated by Louis Brandeis in the case of Muller v. Oregon, was notable for what quality?
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It favored factual evidence over legal precedent.
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As a disciple of Emmeline Pankhurst, what was Alice Paul's chief contribution to the woman suffrage movement?
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importing the militancy of the English woman suffrage movement to the United States
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In response to widespread racial discrimination, W.E.B. Du Bois
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called on the elite "talented tenth" of the African-American community to assume leadership in the struggle for civil rights.
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Which of the following statements about eugenics is least accurate?
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It was a fringe movement that obtained little popular attention or support.
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Robert La Follette's progressive program became synonymous with which state, which he governed from 1901 to 1906?
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Wisconsin
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Which progressive reform allowed citizens to vote directly to enact or repeal laws?
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the referendum
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With regard to race relations, President Roosevelt did all the following except
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exonerate black troops unjustly accused of "shooting up" Brownsville, Texas.
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Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle played a significant role in advancing what reform?
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regulation of the food industry
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What was the cornerstone of Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom?
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opposing bigness in business and government alike
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The accomplishments of the Wilson administration included all the following except
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the racial integration of federal offices.
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Under the Roosevelt Corollary, the U.S.
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justified intervention in the internal affairs of Caribbean countries.
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Taft's dollar diplomacy was intended to accomplish all of the following except
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promote American corporate interests overseas through the use of armed force.
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Dollar diplomacy failed in the Caribbean because
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it was linked closely with unpopular regimes, banks, and corporations.
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Taft's efforts in dollar diplomacy in Asia resulted in which of the following?
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Southern Chinese provinces rebelling against foreign intrusion and overthrowing the monarchy.
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Wilson added which of the following to the principles of American diplomacy?
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a missionary commitment to spreading his system of beliefs across the world
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How did Wilson use missionary diplomacy to gain headway in Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic?
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He sent troops to protect U.S. interests.
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Wilson's commitment to neutrality in the World War stemmed from his profound conviction that
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a neutral United States could lead the warring nations to a "peace without victory."
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Why was the sinking of the Lusitania a turning point in America entering the war?
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Wilson issued an order to the attacker, Germany, which, if not followed, would lead the U.S. into entering the war.
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The inflammatory Zimmerman Telegram proposed that in the event of war between the U.S. and Germany
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Mexico would attack the U.S.
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Which event was most important in causing Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war?
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the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany
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Why was Germany so maligned during discussions at Versailles?
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People felt Germany was to blame for everything.
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What did Wilson hope to achieve with the League of Nations?
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Countries bound to respect and protect each other and isolate aggressors.
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The Treaty of Versailles never received Senate ratification because
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Wilson refused to compromise with Republicans who opposed the treaty.
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Why were legislators like Henry Cabot Lodge opposed to Wilson's proposal for a League of Nations?
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They wanted to preserve American sovereignty in foreign affairs.
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Why were Americans so concerned about radicalism following World War I?
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Terrorist activity and postwar strikes created chaos
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Under the "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine, the United States
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claimed for itself the right to police the internal affairs of other American nations.
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As part of Roosevelt's "gentlemen's agreement," what did Japan receive in return for a promise to block future Japanese immigration to the United States?
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an end to the segregation of Japanese students in San Francisco schools
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The Central Powers and their allies in World War I consisted of all the following except
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Russia.
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Wilson's initial commitment to neutrality in World War I stemmed from his conviction that the United States
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could lead the warring nations to a "peace without victory" if it remained neutral.
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Although Wilson suffered numerous setbacks in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles, he did succeed in
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creating a dozen new states on the basis of national self-determination.
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The roaring economy of the 1920s involved all of the following except
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a revolution in labor relations, marked by new growth in the size and influence of labor unions.
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Henry Ford's great contribution to modern industrial culture was
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his commitment to standardization and assembly-line mass production.
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The advertising industry
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shifted during the 1920s from emphasizing products to stressing a consumer's desires
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Why did employers' groups implement welfare capitalism as part of their American Plan (1921)?
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They sought to increase production.
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Changes in attitudes toward women in the 1920s
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resulted primarily from changes caused by World War I.
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Marcus Garvey called for African Americans to do all of the following except
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pursue racial integration.
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The renaissance in African American culture in Harlem resulted in
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a surge of literature, painting, and sculpture., an exploration of street life in cities, folkways of the rural South, and the primitivism of preindustrial cultures., AND support of artists by some white patrons. ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE CORRECT
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what legacy might Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association have had?
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It caused many African Americans to embrace black nationalism.
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What propelled the "culture wars" between traditionalists and proponents of modern city life?
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All of these answers are correct.
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The National Origins Acts of 1921 and 1924 cut down the number of immigrants by
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capping the total number and limiting the entry of immigrants.
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Which of the following groups generally supported the Prohibition movement?
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All of these answers are correct. labor leaders, CATHLOICS, SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, LABOR LEADERS
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There was renewed interest in the KKK because
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the Klan reflected the insecurities of the New Era.
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Speculation, which had taken over the stock market, was troubling to financial analysts because it
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was based on expectations that weren't always realistic.
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The Great Crash
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damaged the economy and broke the unbounded optimism of the New Era.
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Overexpansion negatively affected business by the end of the 1920s because
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the demand for goods decreased, which meant that inventories climbed and companies lost money.
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Coolidge's administration contributed to the economic problems by
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allowing big business to operate unchecked.
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Unemployment was a sign of a troubled economy because it showed that
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companies suffered from overexpansion, reduced demand, and weak management.
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All the following were factors contributing to the booming economy of the 1920s except
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shrinking personal debt.
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Developments in the 1920s economy included all the following except the
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growing strength, size, and influence of independent labor unions.
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Whose transatlantic solo flight made him one of the most renowned celebrities of the 1920s?
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Charles Lindbergh
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Marcus Garvey, Claude McKay, and Zora Neale Hurston were representative of the
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growing assertiveness and racial pride of black Americans.
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Traditionalists who resisted the changes of the 1920s were most likely to oppose
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religious pluralism.
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The immigrants coming to the United States in the immediate aftermath of World War I were least likely to come from which of the following regions?
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Northwestern Europe
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One of several factors that contributed to the bull market of the 1920s was the
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increased availability of money and credit.
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The Great Depression resulted from all the following factors except the
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inability of factories to produce enough goods to meet consumer demands.
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Radio bound the country together because
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people could listen to the same programs, no matter where they lived.
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Movie studios lured viewers into movie houses during the Great Depression by
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showing movies that preserved traditional values and middle-class morality.
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LULAC, or the League of United Latin American Citizens, aimed to do all of the following except
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include ethnic Mexicans.
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What was the most important effect of the Dust Bowl?
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It caused a flood of migrants from the Great Plains to the West.
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Roosevelt turned his attention to saving the banks first because
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the Brains Trust believed that it was the first step to economic solvency.
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The purpose of Roosevelt's work programs was to
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get people working again as well as make a difference in the community.
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Roosevelt dealt with big business by
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instituting planning that would boost industrial activity and consumer spending.
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New Deal planning for agriculture and industry depended primarily on
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private interests.
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One of the reasons there was dissent from the New Deal was that
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some wealthy executives felt that Roosevelt was an enemy of private property, people felt that change wasn't happening quickly enough, and some people felt that Roosevelt was a dictator in the making.
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One of Roosevelt's biggest pushes during the Second Hundred Days was to
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get more Americans working through the Works Progress Administration.
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The Social Security Act aimed to
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help those who could not help themselves, as well as retirees and those who lost their jobs.
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Roosevelt's reelection in 1936 was due in large part to the fact that
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he stood up for those at the bottom of the economic ladder.
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While women experienced many benefits of the New Deal, government insisted that women
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needed to be protected more than they needed to be employed.
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One way that workers challenged the "business as usual" stance in industry in the 1930s was to
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organize "sit-down strikes" in the factories and refuse to work.
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Why did a black majority vote Democratic in the election of 1934?
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Despite discrimination, the New Deal helped many African Americans.
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Why did union membership grow so precipitously over the course of the 1930s?
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Government support for unions allowed organization of unskilled workers to flourish.
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The ultimate outcome of Roosevelt's court-packing plan was that
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the plan was defeated, but the Supreme Court became more favorable to New Deal legislation.
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One economic tactic, advocated by economist John Maynard Keynes, that might have led the United States more quickly out of the Depression was
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for the government to increase spending and continue running deficits.
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The New Deal legacy included all of the following except
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bringing an end to the Great Depression.
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One of the most important results of the New Deal was that
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Americans knew that in hard times, the government would come to their aid.
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The Roosevelt coalition that took shape during the Great Depression tied all the following factions to the Democratic Party except
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big business.
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During the Great Depression, radio programs and movies tended to
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celebrate traditional values and middle-class morality.
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Migrants uprooted by the Dust Bowl generally sought economic opportunities in which state?
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California
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The defining characteristic of the New Deal was
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pragmatic experimentation.
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To preserve America's banks, the government adopted all the following measures except
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nationalizing the banking system.
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