Chapter 21 – Absolute Monarchs, Europe – Flashcards
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Versailles
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The magnificent palace built for King Louis XIV - this and other building projects put France into debt
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Intendants
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French government agents who collected taxes and administered justice. Answered directly to King Louis
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Hugenots
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French Protestants that were in constant conflict with French Catholics and their King. Fought in 8 wars in France
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King Louis XIV
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French King was also know as the Sun King. Increased power of the intendants at the expense of the nobility.
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Edict of Nantes
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Declaration of Religious Toleration - issued by King Henry IV and cancelled by Louis XIV
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Cardinal Mazarin
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Minister to Louis XIV whose policies drove nobles to rebel against the boy king.
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Minister to Louis XIII who took steps to strengthen the power of the monarchy at the expense of the Huguenots and mobles
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Jean Baptiste Colbert
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Minister of finance under Louis XIV whose policies of mercantilism caused France's economy to grow and prosper
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Michel de Montaigne
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Writer who became skeptic and developed the Essay form of writing
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Henry IV (Henry of Navarre)
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A Protestant prince who became a Catholic King. First King of the Bourbon Dynasty
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War of the Spanish Succession
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The conflict that was waged to prevent the union of the French and Spanish thrones
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30 year war
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Early battles were won by the Hapsburgs
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Serfs
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People of the lower-class - began to fade during this time. Nations of western Europe were least dependent on the labor of serfs
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Maria Theresa
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Leader of Austria - greatest enemy was Prussia - her lands were fought over in the War of the Austrian Succession
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Frederick II
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Leader of Prussia
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7 year war
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end result= no territory exchanged hands at the conclusion of this war
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Ivan the Terrible
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First Russian ruler to adopt the title of czar (means 'caesar') He was very cruel to the nobles ('boyars'=landowning nobles)
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Peter the Great
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Russian leader - He visited the west to learn more about customs and technology. Serfs were the most essential to this economy
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St Petersburg
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Site chosen because it was near water routes to Europe
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James I
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King of Scotland that inherited Elizabeth I throne, as well as her conflicts with Parliament
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James II
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Catholic King of England was replaced by William and Mary
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William
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King of England came to to power as a result of the Glorious Revolution
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Charles I
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King of England lost the English Civil War; was then tried and put to death
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Restoration
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Restoring of the monarchy after a period of military rule - Began with Charles II took the throne after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government and his death
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Bill of Rights
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document that made clear the limits on royal power after the Glorious Revolution
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Habeas Corpus
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Prevented monarchs from jailing people for purely political reasons and from indefinitely holding prisoners without trial
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Cabinet System
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was adopted to prevent disagreements between the monarchy and Parliament from bringing government to a standstill
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Oliver Cromwell
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Puritan leader ruled England after the end of the English Civil War - he abolished the monarchy and ruled as a military dictatorship
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Absolute Monarch
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Ruler controls everything - this was parliaments biggest obstacle when wanting to use its financial power
