question

Knowing how to care for someone's skin begins with what?

answer

Understanding it's underlying structure and basic needs.

question

What is estimated to be only 15% responsible in determining how the skin ages?

answer

Heredity

question

What has the greatest impact on how the skin ages?

answer

The sun and it's ultraviolet (UV) rays.

question

What two fibers naturally weaken as we age?

answer

Collagen, Elastin

question

The ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun reach to skin in two different forms. What are they?

answer

UVA, UVB

question

Also called "aging rays", these ultraviolet (UV) rays weaken the fibers within the skin. They cause wrinkling and sagging of the tissues.

answer

UVA

question

Can be altered or destroyed when large, frequent doses of ultraviolet (UV) light are allowed to penetrate the skin.

answer

Melanin

question

Also referred to as "burning rays", these ultraviolet (UV) rays cause sunburns and tanning of the skin by affecting melanocytes.

answer

UVB

question

Ultraviolet (UV) rays contribute to the body's synthesis of what?

answer

Vitamin D and other important minerals.

question

What level of SPF protection should you apply to your skin each day if exposure is probable?

answer

SPF-15

question

Ultraviolet (UV) exposure is normally the highest during what hours?

answer

Peak hours (10:00am - 3:00pm)

question

How long before sun exposure is it recommended to apply sunscreen to allow for absorption?

answer

At least 30 minutes.

question

To filter out UVA and UVB from the sun, all sunscreens should be what?

answer

Full or broad spectrum.

question

Avoid exposing children to the sun if younger than?

answer

6 months of age.

question

Individuals with what skin tones are more susceptible to sun damage?

answer

"Redheads" and "blue-eyed blonds"

question

For checkups of the skin, a client should be referred to a doctor of what specialty?

answer

Dermatologist

question

When conducting a self-care exam, clients should be advised to look for what changes in the skin and it's appearance?

answer

Changes in existing moles and new growths.

question

Pollutants in the air can all influence what?

answer

The appearance and overall health of the skin.

question

The best method of combatting pollutants that could damage your skin is what?

answer

Daily skin-care routine

question

What helps remove buildup of pollutants and dead skin cells?

answer

Daily washing and exfoliating

question

These 4 things also greatly influence the aging process.

answer

Smoking, drinking, drug abuse, poor dietary choices

question

Nicotine in tobacco causes what two things of the blood vessels and small capillaries that provide blood to the tissues?

answer

Contraction and weakening.

question

Contraction and weakening of blood vessels and capillaries ultimately cause what to happen to the surrounding tissue?

answer

Decreased Circulation

question

The skin may have a dull appearance and/or appear yellowish or gray in color as a result of being deprived of what?

answer

Essential oxygen

question

Heavy or excessive intake of alcohol causes what?

answer

Overdilation of blood vessels and capillaries.

question

Constant overdilation of capillary walls will cause them to become what?

answer

Distended

question

What is telangiectasias?

answer

Dilation of capillaries/blood vessels.

question

Telangiectasias can be caused by what?

answer

Tobacco use, sun exposure, environmental factors.

question

This can dehydrate the skin by drawing essential water out of the tissues which intern causes the skin to appear dull and dry.

answer

Alcohol

question

The damage done by lifestyle habits such as smoking, consuming large amounts of alcohol and drug use are what?

answer

Hard to reverse or diminish.

question

Like any other organ of the body, the skin is susceptible to a variety of what?

answer

Diseases, disorders and ailments.

question

Medicinal preparations available only by prescription must be applied in accordance with what?

answer

A physicians directions.

question

Whether infectious or not, it is very important that a beauty salon does not service a client with what type of ailment?

answer

Inflamed skin disorder

question

A mark on the skin, classified into three types (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary).

answer

Lesion

question

What are the three types of lesions?

answer

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

question

A cosmetologist is only concerned with two types of lesions. What are they?

answer

Primary, secondary

question

You will be able to determine conditions that can or cannot be treated in a beauty salon if you are familiar with these.

answer

Principal lesions

question

A large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle but larger.

answer

Bulla

question

A closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, fluid, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin.

answer

Cyst

question

A spot or discoloration on the skin such as a freckle. These are neither raised or sunken.

answer

Macule

question

A pimple; small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

answer

Papule

question

A small pimple containing pus.

answer

Pustule

question

An abnormal rounded, solid lump above, within or under the skin; larger than a papule.

answer

Tubercle

question

A swelling; An abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells, varying in size, shape and color. Nodules are also referred to as this but are smaller in size.

answer

Tumor

question

A small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis. Poison ivy or poison oak, for example, produce vesicles.

answer

Vesicle

question

An itchy swollen lesion that last only lasts a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria (skin allergy), or the sting of a nettle. Examples include hives and mosquito bites.

answer

Wheal

question

This type of lesion develops in the later stages of disease.

answer

Secondary Lesion

question

Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material. An example is the scab on a sore.

answer

Crust

question

A skin sore or abrasion that is produced by scratching or scraping.

answer

Excoriation

question

A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Examples are chapped hands or lips.

answer

Fissure

question

A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue.

answer

Keloid

question

Any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.

answer

Scale

question

Light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.

answer

Scar or Cicatrix

question

An open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth.

answer

Ulcer

question

A hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.

answer

Comedo

question

Comedones appear most frequently in what location(s)?

answer

Face, T-Zone

question

When the sebum of a comedo is exposed to the environment, it oxidizes a turns black. What has this comedo become?

answer

An open comedo (Black head)

question

When the sebum of a comedo is not exposed to the environment, the sebum remains a white or cream color. What has this comedo become?

answer

A closed Comedo (White head)

question

Comedones should be removed using proper extraction procedures and only under what conditions?

answer

Aseptic

question

Benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening.

answer

Milia

question

Usually found around the eyes, cheeks and forehead, these cysts resemble sesame seeds and are almost perfectly round. Commonly associated with newborns.

answer

Milia

question

A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as propionibacterium acnes.

answer

Acne

question

Bacteria that causes acne.

answer

Propionibacterium acnes

question

Where does acne most frequently occur?

answer

Face, back, and chest

question

Acne is also known as what?

answer

Acne vulgaris

question

The seriousness of acne is rated by grades ranging from?

answer

1-4

question

Common pimples with comedones, typically considered minor acne. What grade of acne is this?

answer

1

question

Cystic acne with large nodules and pustular cysts. What grade of acne is this?

answer

4

question

Clients with higher grades of acne should be referred to?

answer

Dermatologist

question

A skin condition caused by inflammation of the sebaceous glands.

answer

Seborrheic dermatitis

question

This condition is often characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting, and/or itchiness. The red flaky skin often appears in the eyebrows, scalp, hairline, forehead, and nose. Sometimes treated with cortisone creams.

answer

Seborrheic dermatitis

question

A condition of dry, scaly skin due to a deficiency or absence of sebum. Caused by old age and exposure to cold.

answer

Asteatosis

question

A condition appearing primarily on the cheeks and nose, characterized by flushing, telangiectasia, and the formation of papules and pustules.

answer

Rosacea

question

Spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, exposure to extreme temperatures and stress, can aggravate this chronic skin condition.

answer

Rosacea

question

A sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor.

answer

Steatoma

question

This is filled with sebum and ranges in size from a pea to an orange. Usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back. Sometimes called a wen.

answer

Steatoma

question

Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases.

answer

Anhidrosis

question

Foul smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet.

answer

Bromhidrosis

question

Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.

answer

Hyperhidrosis

question

Also known as prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin. Caused by exposure to excessive heat.

answer

Miliaria rubra

question

Inflammatory condition of the skin, the lesions come in various forms including vesicle or papules.

answer

Dermatitis

question

An inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions. There are several different types of this non-contagious condition.

answer

Eczema

question

Fever blister or cold sore; recurring viral infection characterized by the eruption of a single vesicle or a group of vesicles on a red swollen base, The blisters usually appear on the lips, nostrils, or other parts of the face and can last up to three weeks.

answer

Herpes simplex

question

A skin disease characterized by red patches, covered with silver-white scales usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back. Caused by skin cell turning over faster than normal. This condition rarely occurs on the face. Non-contagious.

answer

Psoriasis

question

What internal factors can affect pigmentation?

answer

Heredity or hormonal fluctuations

question

What outside factor can affect pigmentation?

answer

Prolonged exposure to the sun

question

What accompanies all skin disorders and many systemic disorders?

answer

Abnormal Coloration

question

Certain drugs can affect what attribute of the skin?

answer

Pigmentation

question

Congenital leukoderma, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, this condition causes early aging and is very sensitive to sunlight.

answer

Albinism

question

A condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated. Also called liver spots, although they have nothing to do with the liver. Caused by cumulative sun exposure.

answer

Chloasma

question

Technical term for freckles. Small yellow to brown spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air.

answer

Lentigines

question

Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells. Classified as vitiligo and albinism.

answer

Leukoderma

question

Small or large malformation of the skin due to normal pigmentation or dilated capillaries; commonly known as a birthmark.

answer

Nevus

question

Abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape. Permanent coloration appears during aging, after certain diseases and after the disappearance of moles, freckles and liver spots. The cause is unknown.

answer

Stain

question

Changes in pigment caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet (UV) rays.

answer

Tan

question

Milky-white spots (leukoderma) of the skin. Hereditary condition, may be related to thyroid. This condition must be protected from overexposure to the sun.

answer

Vitiligo

question

Abnormal growth of the skin. Many of these are benign or harmless.

answer

Hypertrophies

question

An acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. Commonly known as a callus. Caused by pressure or friction on the hands and feet.

answer

Keratoma

question

A small brown spot on the skin. Resembles freckles. Can be flat or raised and many sizes. Large dark hairs often occur inside these.

answer

Mole

question

Small outgrowth of the skin, normally occurs on the necks of older individuals. Harmless and easily removed by a dermatologist.

answer

Skin tag

question

Technical term for wart. Caused by a virus and is infectious. Able to spread.

answer

Verruca

question

The most common type of skin cancer, also the least severe. Often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

answer

Basal cell carcinoma

question

More severe than basal cell carcinoma, this type of skin cancer is characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.

answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

question

The most severe form of skin cancer, characterized by black or dark brown patched on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged or raised.

answer

Malignant melanoma

question

This type of skin cancer often appears on individuals who do not have regular sun exposure, and is most commonly located in areas of the body that are not regularly exposed. Nicknamed the "city person's cancer". Least common but most dangerous.

answer

Malignant melanoma

question

The medical term for abnormal skin inflammation.

answer

Dermatitis

question

The most common skin disease for nail practitioners. Also known as contact dermatitis.

answer

Dermatitis venenata

question

Caused by touching certain substances to the skin, can be long or short term. This type of dermatitis has many causes.

answer

Dermatitis venenata (irritant contact dermatitis)

question

Caused by becoming allergic to an ingredient of a substance. This type of dermatitis is developed over continued exposure to certain chemicals.

answer

Dermatitis venenata (allergic contact dermatitis)

question

An allergic reaction after continued and/or repeated exposure to a chemical or substance normally presents itself after how long?

answer

4 to 6 months.

question

What are some likely places for an allergic reaction to occur due to overexposure to chemicals and/or substances?

answer

Practitioner - Fingers, palms, face, back of the hands. Client - scalp, hairline, forehead, neckline.

question

What is the term used to describe a greatly increased or exaggeration of sensitivity to products?

answer

Sensitization

question

Irritating substances will temporarily damage what part of the skin?

answer

The epidermis

question

Swelling is triggered by what system in the body?

answer

The immune system

question

What is released in the body and is responsible for the itchiness that often accompanies contact dermatitis?

answer

Histamines

question

Once contact dermatitis subsides, the surrounding skin is left damaged, scaly, cracked and dry. If repeated exposure occurs in the future, what could develop?

answer

A permanent allergic reaction

question

What is a very common salon irritant?

answer

Tap water

question

Do not wash your hands more than how many times per day?

answer

10-15

question

If a client becomes allergic to a product you are using, what should you do?

answer

Discontinue use

question

What could occur if your tools and equipment are not kept clean and free of chemicals and products?

answer

Overexposure

question

What does the American Cancer Society recommend using to help make potential skin cancer easier to recognize?

answer

The ABCD Cancer Checklist.

question

What does the abbreviation ABCD stand for? This is the recommended method of screening at home, according to the American Cancer Society. These characteristics should be evaluated when conducting a self-care exam.

answer

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter

question

The American Cancer Society recommends using this method of evaluation when checking existing moles or new growths.

answer

ABCD Cancer Checklist

Chapter 20 (Skin Diseases & Disorders) – Flashcards

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