question

The presidents during the last quater of the nineteenth century

answer

were weak leaders.

question

During the late 1800's, the legislative body known as a "rich man's club" was the

answer

Senate

question

During the late nineteenth century, the House of Representatives was

answer

disorderly and inefficient

question

The distinction between the Democrats and the Republicans during the late nineteenth century arose

answer

in religious affiliation, geographic location, and ethnic background

question

During the latter part of the nineteenth century, Republicans were particularly strong in the _________states.

answer

New England

question

National elections between 1856 and 1912 were characterized by

answer

close elections with an even balance of power

question

The "bloody shirt" issue of the late 1800's refers to

answer

post-Civil War sectional tensions.

question

How did politicians respond to the demand for civil service reform?

answer

Both Democrats and Republicans insisted it would destroy the political parties.

question

Political campaigns during the late nineteenth century were characterized by

answer

character assassination, bribery, and fraud.

question

The presidents during the late nineteenth century

answer

were lackluster leaders who showed little interest in important contemporary questions.

question

Rutherford B. Hayes was nominated for the presidency because of his reputation for

answer

being honest and moderate.

question

In 1881 President___________ was assassinated by Charles Guiteau, an unbalanced office-seeker.

answer

James A. Garfield.

question

The Pendleton Act of 1883 was a triumph for those Americans who sought ___________reform.

answer

civil service

question

The New York Democrat who won the "dirty" presidential election of 1884 was

answer

Grover Cleveland.

question

Blacks in the South were not totally disfranchised or segregated until

answer

southern states enacted literacy tests and poll taxes in the 1890's

question

"If one race be inferior to the other socially, the Constitution of the United States cannot put them upon the same plane." The source of this quote was

answer

Plessy V. Ferguson

question

The doctrine of "separate but equal" facilities was handed down by the Supreme Court in

answer

Plessy V. Ferguson

question

The black militant who founded the Afro-American league and called on blacks to use violence when attacked by whites was

answer

T. Thomas Fortune

question

The black leader who identified with the Atlanta Compromise was

answer

Booker T. Washington

question

Big-city political bosses and their machines emerged in the late nineteenth century because

answer

most immigrants knew little about democracy

question

The most notorious of all city bosses was

answer

William Marcy Tweed

question

Many urban reformers resented the boss system because it

answer

gave political power to poor immigrants

question

The vacuity of American politics in the late nineteenth century may have stemmed from the

answer

complacency of the middle-class majority

question

In the late 1880's the Farmers' Alliance

answer

tried but failed to establish marketing cooperatives for their crops because they could not raise the necessary capital from banks.

question

The earlier group from which the Populist movement emerged was the

answer

knights of labor

question

In 1892 the Populist nominee for president was former Union General

answer

James B. Weaver

question

The platform of the Peoples or Populist Party called for a

answer

graduated income tax.

question

Populist Party members saw themselves as

answer

a victimized majority betrayed by the establishment.

question

National ownership of the railroads, unlimited coinage of silver, and the creation of a "sub-treasury" were all a part of the platform of which party?

answer

Populist in 1892

question

The Minnesota Populist who saw himself as an authority on Shakespeare, economics, and science was

answer

Ignatius Donnelly.

question

Southern black populists often joined the

answer

Colored Farmer's Alliance.

question

After the election of 1892, it became clear that___________ was of utmost importance interest to voters.

answer

the coinage of silver.

question

The debate over the coinage of silver in the late nineteenth century was

answer

superficial because the key question was halting the deflationary spiral of the economy.

question

The Coinage Act of 1873, which demonetized silver, came to be known as the _____________by the silver interests.

answer

"Crime of '73"

question

During 1894 and 1895, at the beginning of the Grover Cleveland's presidency, the economy

answer

floundered in one of the worst depressions in American history

question

The small-town businessmen who led an "army" of the unemployed on a march to Washington, D.C. in 1894 was

answer

Jacob Coxey

question

In early 1895, when the Treasury's gold reserves reached a desperately low point,

answer

a banking syndicate headed by J.P. Morgan underwrote a new bond issue and saved the government from bankruptcy.

question

The dramatic "Cross of Gold" speech won the 1896 Democratic presidential nomination for

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

What was the main issue propounded by the candidate William Jennings Bryan in the election of 1896?

answer

the proposal to coin both silver and gold

question

William Jennings Bryan discarded the tradition in 1896 by

answer

traveling throughout the country giving hundreds of speeches.

question

In the election 1896, McKinley's campaign manager, who raised an enormous campaign fund from business was

answer

Marcus Alonzo Hanna.

question

McKinley's campaign manager Marcus Hanna

answer

blanketed the country with campaign literature

question

Ultimately, the battle between gold and silver,

answer

was insignificant because within two decades the country abandoned basing the volume of currency on bullion

question

Comparing and contrasting McKinley and Bryan in the election of 1896,

answer

Bryan's approach was parochial, whereas McKinley's was national.

question

McKinley won by carrying states in the

answer

East, Midwest, and Pacific Coast.

question

The progressives were

answer

never a single group seeking a single objective.

question

One of the roots of progressivism was the late-nineteenth-century

answer

effort to regulate and control big business.

question

A major economic development between 1897 and 1904 was the

answer

acceleration of the tendency toward industrial concentration

question

Many in the middle class were attracted to progressive reforms because they

answer

felt their ambitions and sense of importance were undermined by the new giant corporations .

question

A denunciation of the "American character" came from the editor of which of the following publications?

answer

McClure's

question

A leading magazine editor and crusading reformer of the early twentieth century was

answer

S.S. McClure

question

Theodore Roosevelt called the progressive-era journalists who corruption and fraud in American business and politics

answer

muckrackers.

question

Progressive reformers tended to believe that

answer

the solution to social problems was to change faulty institutions

question

The painters, such as Robert Henri and George Luks, who sympathized with the progressive reforms and who painted city slum scenes were called the

answer

Aschcan artists.

question

How did the theories of Sigmund Freud affect the ideas and behavior of progressive intellectuals ?

answer

They often used Freud's ideas as an excuse to reject Victorian prudery.

question

The progressives attempted their first political reforms in the

answer

cities

question

Samuel M. "Golden Rule" Jones, Tom L. Johnson, and Seth Low were all

answer

progressive mayors

question

The ____________plan was an urban reform, pioneered in Dayton, Ohio whereby city affairs were administered on a nonpartisan basis by a professional.

answer

city manager.

question

Russian immigrant and political activist Emma Goldman

answer

was in many ways a typical American immigrant.

question

The banner "progressive" state during the early years of the twentieth century was

answer

Wisconsin.

question

Robert La Follette was particularly associated with

answer

promotion of specialized technical knowledge and legislative reference services to promote progressive reform.

question

Headed by Florence Kelley and associated with lawyer Louis Brandeis, the most effective women's organization of the Progressive Era was the

answer

National American Woman Suffrage Association.

question

In Mueller V. Oregon (1908) attorney Louis Brandeis presented a "Brandeis Brief" to the Supreme Court, which was based on

answer

economic and sociological evidence.

question

On the national level, the Progressive Era saw the completion of the struggle for

answer

women suffrage

question

Late-nineteenth century feminists were handicapped in their campaign for woman suffrage by

answer

Victorian sexual inhibitions.

question

Most states that did not have have woman suffrage by 1914 and opposed the Nineteenth Amendment in the House of Representatives were in the

answer

South

question

One of the suffragists' more successful justifications was the "purity" argument that

answer

women's moral superiority would clean up politics if they were given the vote.

question

As opposed to his successors form Hayes to McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt was

answer

energetic, aggressive, and outspoken.

question

Theodore Roosevelt believed that the most effective means of dealing with big corporations was to

answer

regulate rather than eliminate them.

question

Roosevelt reacted to the creation of the Northern Securities Company by

answer

suing to have it dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

question

The first progressive president and the advocate of the "Square Deal" was

answer

Theodore Roosevelt.

question

The primary result of the 1906 Hepburn Act was to

answer

make the Interstate Commerce Commission more powerful and active.

question

Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle exposed

answer

filthy conditions in Chicago's slaughterhouses.

question

Roosevelt sent officials to Chicago to investigate the condition of its slaughterhouses based on which of the following books?

answer

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

question

During his second term, when the progressive movement became steadily more liberal, Theodore Roosevelt

answer

also took more liberal positions.

question

Theodore Roosevelt handpicked_________to succeed him and carry out his policies.

answer

William Howard Taft.

question

Taft's major liability as president was his

answer

lack of physical and mental stamina.

question

Taft got into political hot water in 1910 Ballinger-Pinchot controversy, which dealt with

answer

conservation.

question

The politician who advocated New Nationalism was

answer

Theodore Roosevelt.

question

"The betterment we seek must be accomplished...mainly through the National Government." This 1901 call for the expansion of federal power was made by progressive

answer

Theodore Roosevlt

question

In 1912 the breakup of the Republican Party produced an independent third party, The Progressives, led by

answer

Theodore Roosevelt

question

Woodrow Wilson advocated a program called the

answer

New Freedom

question

Woodrow Wilson's 1912 platform inclduded

answer

restoration of competition

question

When it was passed in 1913, the Federal Reserve Act

answer

gave the country a central banking system for the first time since Andrew Jackson.

question

As part of the New Freedom, the ____________Act prohibited both price discrimination, which encouraged monopolies, and interlocking directorates created to control competition.

answer

Clayton Antitrust

question

In his first term as president, Woodrow Wilson

answer

used his power imaginatively and agressively

question

What happened to Wilson's New Freedom once he was president?

answer

The differences between the New Freedom and the New Nationalism tended to disappear in practice.

question

When it came to non-whites, white progressives tended to be

answer

strongly prejudiced against them

question

One of the most prominent black militants of the Progressive Era was

answer

W.E.B. Du Bois

question

Of whom was W.E.B. Du Bois speaking when he said: "He belittles the emasculating effects of caste distinctions, and opposes the higher training and ambitions of our brightest minds"?

answer

Booker T. Washington

question

The organization formed in 1909 by a group of liberal whites and blacks to eradicate racial discrimination was the

answer

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

question

Which statement about the progressives' reaction to black militancy is correct?

answer

Woodrow Wilson was actively hostile to blacks

question

After the Civil War, most Americans' attitude toward foreign affairs was that they

answer

gave little thought to foreign affairs

question

American attitudes toward Europe in the late nineteenth century were characterized by

answer

suspicion of European society as decadent and aristocratic

question

During the Civil War,______established a protectorate over Mexico and installed Archduke Maximilian as emperor.

answer

France

question

In 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from

answer

Russia

question

The aggressive secretary of state who instigated the purchase of Alaska and pushed his expansionist policies was

answer

William H. Seward

question

President Grant tried and failed to annex the

answer

Dominican Republic

question

One reason for growing support for an overseas empire among Americans after the Civil War was the desire to

answer

carry out God's will to spread the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon race beyond North America.

question

Alfred Thayer Mahan argued in the 1890's that national security and prosperity rested on a powerful

answer

Navy

question

Queen Liliuokalani's "Hawaii for Hawaiians" movement led to

answer

an American led coup and the abolition of the monarchy.

question

Queen Liliuokalani is best described as a(n)

answer

determined nationalist

question

After the Civil War, America its extended overseas influence and empire in the

answer

Pacific and Latin America

question

From 1893 to 1898, American expansionists tried to annex the

answer

Hawaiian Islands

question

President Cleveland's reaction to the possibility of annexing Hawaii was to

answer

withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate, but refuse to oust the American revolutionaries by force

question

Americans had stronger reasons for extending their influence in Latin America rather than in the Pacific because they

answer

feared they would be shut off from Latin American markets by European imperialism.

question

In the 1800's a nasty dispute erupted between the United States and Great Britain over

answer

the boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana

question

An unfortunate effect of the dispute between America and Great Britain over Venezuela's boundary was that it

answer

encouraged Americans to believe they could achieve their foreign policy goals by threat and bluster.

question

Before the Spanish-American War, newspapers tried to increase circulation by

answer

publishing tales of Spanish atrocities

question

The major issue in the Spanish-American War was the independence of

answer

Cuba

question

Faced with public clamor for war with Spain, McKinley

answer

refused to panic, but reluctantly and hesitantly sent Congress a war message

question

In February 1898 the American battleship__________mysteriously exploded in Havana Harbor.

answer

Maine

question

Around the same time McKinley was sending a war message to Congress, the Spanish

answer

ordered troops to end the fighting, but the Cubans began insisting on complete independence.

question

The leader of the Filipino nationalist forces during the 1890's was

answer

Emilio Aguinaldo.

question

In the first battle of the American-Spanish War, Commodore George Dewey

answer

devastated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.

question

The American politician who formed a volunteer unit, the "Rough Riders," and participated in storming San Juan Hill was

answer

Theodore Roosevelt.

question

After the Spanish-American War, heated debates raged over the imperialism of annexing

answer

the Philippe Islands.

question

Expansionists who wished to annex the Philippines seemed most interested in

answer

establishing the Philippines as the gateway to Asian markets.

question

Some anti-imperialists objected to annexing the Philippines because it would

answer

be unconstitutional if statehood was not a possibility

question

When America refused to withdraw its armed forces, the Filipinos

answer

launched a guerrilla war against the American forces

question

In what became known as the "insular cases" the Supreme Court ruled that

answer

Congress was not bound to follow the Constitution in legislating for colonies

question

In 1900, the United States insisted that the constitution of ____________grant America naval bases and authorize American intervention whenever necessary to protect life, property, and individual liberty.

answer

Cuba

question

Under the Platt Amendment,

answer

Cuba was forced to promise to grant naval bases to America and to avoid treaties with any foreign power that might compromise its independce

question

Early in the twentieth century, the United States announced that it must "exercise...an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere in the

answer

Platt Amendment

question

The United States treated Cuba as a protectorate for approximately_____________years at the beginning of the twentieth century.

answer

35

question

The principle architect of America's Open Door Policy was

answer

John Hay

question

The Open Door Policy attempted to preserve the chances for American business to enter the markets of

answer

China

question

The announcement by the United States that it believed in the preservation of the "Chinese territorial and administrative entity" and in "the principle of equal and impartial trad with all parts of the Chinese Empire" was part of the

answer

Open Door Policy

question

At the turn of the twentieth century, the so-called Boxer Rebellion broke out in

answer

China

question

According to the "Gentleman's Agreement" negotiated by Roosevelt in 1907,

answer

Japan promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America

question

A canal across the Isthmus of Panama was initially started by the

answer

French

question

When Panama revolted against Colombia, Roosevelt

answer

dispatched the cruiser Nashville to Panama to help Colombia quell the revolt

question

In order to build the Panama Canal on the terms he wanted, President Roosevelt intervened militarily to aid the Panamanian revolt against

answer

Colombia

question

After recognizing the New Republic of Panama, Secretary Hay negotiated a treaty that gave the United States control over a ten-mile wide Canal Zone for

answer

perpetuity

question

The Panama Canal opened for ship traffic

answer

on the eve of World War I.

question

President___________called his policy of influencing other countries without actually controlling them "dollar diplomacy"

answer

William Howard Taft

question

American imperialism in the post-Spanish-American War era was

answer

short in duration

question

American statesmen who pursued a foreign policy of imperialism without colonies

answer

genuinely, but incorrectly, believed that they were exporting democracy along with capitalism and industrialization

question

The American Foreign policy of trying to penetrate underdeveloped areas economically without the problem of governing them was

answer

self-defeating because it was not supported by the local people/

question

On the eve of World War I the United States was a

answer

world power.

question

By the beginning of World War I, how did most Americans view their role in the world?

answer

They did as they wanted in foreign affairs, unlimited by any rational analysis of the probable consequences.

question

President Wilson's basic approach to foreign relations was that he

answer

wanted to spread the gospel of American democracy to enlighten the unfortunate and ignorant.

question

The idealistic president who set out to raise the moral tone of American foreign policy by denouncing dollar diplomacy was

answer

Woodrow Wilson

question

Wilson became deeply involved in the Mexican politics in response to the reactionary General ___________who led the 1913 coup and had his former chief murdered.

answer

Francisco Villa

question

After Victoriano Huerta fled from power, President Wilson made a mistake regarding his policy toward Mexico. What was it?

answer

He supported one of Huerta's generals, Francisco "Pancho" Villa.

question

In 1916, United States troops, commanded by General John J. Pershing, invaded ____________to capture "Pancho" Villa.

answer

Mexico

question

The Great War was precipitated by the

answer

assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by a Serbian nationalist.

question

At the outbreak of the Great War in1914, the Allied Powers included

answer

Great Britain, France, and Russia.

question

Many Americans favored neutrality during the Great War because

answer

Americans traditionally feared entanglement in European affairs.

question

American attitudes towards the two sides in the Great War were mostly influenced by

answer

Conflicts over freedom of the seas.

question

What was the effect of the Great War upon the American economy from 1914-1916?

answer

Trade with the Allies almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Central Powers almost disappeared.

question

Wilson's policy of holding the Germans to "strict accountability" for any American losses resulting from violations of freedom of the seas

answer

strongly opposed by Secretary of State Bryan

question

Many Americans were shocked and outraged when the British liner_____________was torpedoed and almost 1200 people died.

answer

Lusitania

question

After the German sinking of a French channel steamer in March 1916,

answer

the Americans protested, and the Germans pledged to stop attacks on merchant ships without warning.

question

In wooing the progressives in the election of 1916, Wilson

answer

reversed himself and put into effect almost every important plank of the 1912 Progressive platform.

question

In the presidential election of 1916, the leading issue was

answer

American policy toward the warring powers

question

In February, 1917, the U.S. learned of the ___________Telegram in which Germany offered a military alliance to Mexico if the U.S. entered the war on the allied side

answer

Zimmermann

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of Woodrow Wilson's reaction toward the U.S. declaration of war in 1917?

answer

agonized and idealistic

question

If the United States had not entered the Great War, it is likely that

answer

the Central Powers would have won in 1918.

question

When the United States entered the Great War, from a military point of view, the country was

answer

poorly prepared

question

As a wartime leader, Wilson was

answer

forceful and inspiring.

question

During the Great War, the government agency which had almost dictatorial powers to allocate scarce materials and fix prices was the

answer

War Industries Board.

question

The alliance between the leaders in the military and in business, the foundation of which was laid by President Wilson during World War I, is known as the

answer

industrial-military complex

question

What happened as a result of Wilson's mobilization of the home front in the war

answer

There was virtually no cooperation between business and the military.

question

The former mining engineer and head of the Belgian Relief Commission, whom Wilson named to mobilize America's agricultural resources, was

answer

Herbert Hoover

question

Farm income during the Great War

answer

rose dramatically

question

During the Great War, the federal government asked citizens to

answer

increase domestic food consumption

question

The head of the Committee on Public Information, which portrayed Germany as determined to dominate the world was,

answer

George Creel

question

During the Great War, those most often suspected of disloyalty were

answer

German-Americans

question

During the Great War, mere criticism of the government became cause for arrest and imprisonment under the ______________Act.

answer

Espionage

question

Which former presidential candidate was sentenced to ten years in prison under the Sedition Act for making an antiwar speech?

answer

Eugene V. Debs

question

The Great War triggered a major movement of

answer

Southern blacks to northern cities

question

Most black Americans reacted to the Great War with

answer

optimism that the walls of prejudice were beginning to crumble.

question

The American Expeditionary Force was commanded by General

answer

John J. Pershing

question

On what day did the Germans sign the armistice ending the fighting in World War I?

answer

November 11,1918

question

In their greatest engagement of the war, in September, 1918, despite the heavy loss of 120,000 casualties, American troops won the Battle of

answer

Argonne Forest

question

President Wilson's plan for a lasting peace after the Great War was known as the

answer

Fourteen Points

question

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points included

answer

freedom of the seas, ending European imperialism, and world disarmament

question

When President Wilson left the United Sates to attend the peace conference in Paris he

answer

was the first U.S. president to leave American territory

question

Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Orlando were

answer

members of the so-called Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference

question

The peace settlement reached at the Paris conference of 1919 was called the _____________treaty.

answer

Versailles

question

How did American liberals who took Wilson's pre-treaty statements literally react to the treaty that Wilson brought home from Paris?

answer

They were abysmally disappointed by what they considered a betrayal of Wilson's Fourteen Points.

question

Wilson believed that any weakness in the Versailles Treaty could be overcome by the

answer

League of Nations

question

The leader of he Republican opposition in the Senate to Wilson's League of Nations was

answer

Henry Cabot Lodge

question

When it appeared as if the Versailles Treaty, without reservations, would not be approved by the necessary two-thirds of the senate, Wilson

answer

attempted to rally support for the treaty by a nationwide speaking tour

question

Due in large part to the_________, the U.S. Congress, after great debate, voted down the Treaty of Versailles.

answer

Lodge Reservations

question

One basic reason why the U.S. Senate failed to ratify Versailles Treaty was the

answer

refusal of both Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge to compromise.

question

The work of radicals in the labor movement led to

answer

the belief by many Americans that unions were associated with communism

question

In the 1919-1920 red scare, radicals were ruthlessly suppressed by Attorney General

answer

Mitchell Palmer.

question

The results of the presidential election of 1920 reflected most Americans'

answer

rejection of reform and idealism

question

The most significant result of the Senate's failure to ratify the Versailles Treaty was the

answer

loss of the possibility of world peace

Chapter 20 History – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards