Chapter 20 Essays – Flashcards
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why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to the Americas?
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• Wanted to claim land for Spain • Gold • Silver • Intended to transform the islands of the Caribbean into colonies • Priests wanted to spread christianity
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through what modern day states did Coronado lead his expedition?
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• Arizona • New Mexico • Texas • Oklahoma • Kansas
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what was the main result of the French and Indian war?
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• French surrendered their North America holding • British seized control of the eastern half of North America • Dutch and French developed a cooperative relationship with the Native Americans • Dutch and French also established a fur-trading enterprise with the Natives •European colonization brought disaster for original inhabitants
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what were some of the result for Native Americans of European colonization of North America?
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• established a fur-trading enterprise with the Dutch and French • Some died from disease • Dutch settlers battled them over land claims and trading rights • They lost almost all of their land •disease was even more destructive than their weapons
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how did enslaved Africans resist their bondage?
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• Broke tools • Uprooted plants • Worked slowly • Thousands ran away • Some slaves pushed it to open revolt; killing several Spanish colonists
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how did African slaves contribute to the development of the Americas?
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• Contributed to the cultural and economic development • Greatest contribution was their labor • Brought their expertise in agriculture • Brought their culture that influences American societies o Art o Music o Religion o Food
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what were some of the food items that traveled from the Americas to the rest of the world?
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• squash • turkey • tomatoes • pineapples • tobacco
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what food and livestock from the rest of the world traveled to the Americas?
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• Sheep • Pig • Horse • Cattle • Wheat • Rice
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why were colonies considered so important to the nations of Europe?
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• created joint-stock companies • Led to the establishment of new and powerful societies • capitalism - economic system based on private ownership and investment of resources for money • established mercantilism by stealing gold from other countries • established a favorable balance of trade
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why did Columbus set sail westward?
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• Competition for wealth prompted his voyage • Instead of sailing south to Africa then east • Find a new trade route to Asia • Explored may islands, claiming each one • Made three trips back to find more
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what factors led European colonists to use Africans to resupply their labor force?
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• Experienced in farming • Build up to disease • Unfamiliar with the land • Could not blend in with the white population • Less likely to escape because unfamiliar
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what was the economic policy of mercantilism?
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• A country's true power was measured by its wealth • Acquired its wealth by obtaining as much silver and gold as possible • Established a favorable balance of trade • colonies played a vital role - they provided raw materials like wood and furs •contributed to the creation of a national identity
