Chapter 2: The Determinants of Health – Flashcards
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the build-up of plaque on blood vessel walls, making it harder for blood to get through
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Atherosclerosis
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actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity and eating practices
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Behavioural Determinants
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factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, birth weight
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Biological Determinants
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a statistical measure of body mass calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height (in m2). A score of 20-25 is considered a healthy weight. Anything over 25 is considered overweight and over 30 is considered obese.
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Body Mass Index - BMI
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a type of fat required for maintaining cell membranes and producing hormones. One type of _________(LDL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Cholesterol
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the fusing of a sperm and egg cell. Marks the beginning of pregnancy. Also known as fertilisation.
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Conception
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'Factors that affect the level of health in a population or individual. __________________ help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than others.' Determinants can be classified in many ways such as biological, behavioural and social (AIHW, 2006).
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Determinants of Health
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the body's response to potentially threatening situations. Hormones kick into action to prepare the person to stay and fight or run (flight).
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'Fight or Flight' Response
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when healthy, affordable food is not obtainable
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Food Insecurity
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'the state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through local non-emergency sources' (VicHealth, 2008)
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Food Security
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high blood pressure
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Hypertension
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when the menstrual cycle stops permanently, ending the ability of a female to reproduce
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Menopause
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when the DNA in a cell is damaged or changed, permanently altering the genetic information within the cell. This can affect the function of the cell in either a positive or negative way. __________s often occur during cell reproduction.
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Mutation
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aspects of a person's personality and environment that act to protect their health. Examples include resilience, a supportive family and a satisfying job.
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Protective Factors
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refers to people who have a low income or lack resources compared to the average in the society in which they live
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Relative Poverty
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aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support
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Social Determinants of Health
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the segregation that people experience if they are not adequately participating in the society in which they live
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Social Exclusion
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efers to individuals who are not in regular contact with others
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Social Isolation
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the social standing of an individual in comparison to others in that society. It is based on education, income and occupation.
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Socioeconomic Status
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types of fat that have similar effects to saturated fat. Found in small amounts naturally in some foods, ____________ are often produced by humans in a process called hydrogenation.
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Trans Fats
