World of pharmacokinetics
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The process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, eliminated, & excreted by the body
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What is pharmacokinetics?
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1) route of administration 2) speed of transit to the brain 3) rate of metabolism 4) process of elimination 5) affinity for nerve cells & neurotransmitters
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What are the key factors in pharmacokinetics?
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The faster a drug reaches it's target in the CNS, the more addictive it is
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What makes a drug more addictive?
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1) Inhalation 2) Injection 3) Mucus membrane absorption 4) Oral ingestion 5) Contact absorption
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What are the 5 most common ways a drug enters the body?
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Inhalation (7-10 seconds to the brain)
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Which method is the fastest way to get a drug to the brain?
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First-pass metabolism
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What pharmacokinetic step does inhalation bypass?
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When a user can regulate the amount of drug they are recieving
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What is titration?
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1) Intravenously (directly into a vein) 2) Intramuscularly (into a muscle) 3) Subcutaneously (under the skin)
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What are the 3 forms of injection?
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15-30 seconds
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How fast can one absorb a drug into their brain intravenously?
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3-5 minutes
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How fast can one absorb a drug into their brain subcutaneously or intramuscularly?
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Intravenously
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Which injection method produces a "rush" upon injection?
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Injection (bypasses body's natural defenses & exposes user to BPP's and infection)
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Which administration route is the most dangerous?
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3-5 minutes
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How fast does mucous membrane absorption affect the brain?
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10-15 minutes
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How fast do anal suppositories affect the brain?
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20-30 minutes
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How fast does oral ingestion affect the brain?
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Swallowed, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, drug absorbed into capillaries in small intestine walls, drug transported to veins, veins carry drug to liver, liver party metabolizes drug (1st pass metabolism), drug blood pumped back to heart & then rest of body (including brain)
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What is the process for oral ingestion?
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Drug-saturated adhesive patches applied to the skin
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What is contact absorption?
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1-2 days
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How long does contact absorption take to affect the brain?
