Chapter 19 AP world history – Flashcards
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What was the ancient capital of the Incas?
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Cuzco
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What products came from the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of Latin America?
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servants, slaves, and retainers
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Who were the Iberians?
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Spaniards and Portuguese
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During the Middle Ages, which Christian kingdoms emerged in Europe?
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Aragon and Castile
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Identify three major events that happened in Spain in 1492.
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lost control to Muslims, religious favor, Jews left
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Define Encomiendas
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grants of American Indian laborers
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The political organization of Porugal and Castile was made up of what groups of people
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lawyers, judges, professional bureaucracy
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Portugal developed an agricultural economy heavily based on what product?
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sugar
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Spain's first established colony in the New World was located on what island?
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Hispania
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How were the Spanish cities in the caribbean different from those of Europe?
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served a a model for actions elsewhere
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By the 1520's, what two activities had replaced gold-hunting expeditions in the Caribbean?
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ranches and sugar plantations
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Identify: Bartolome de Las Casas
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Dominican friar ---> initiated the struggle for justice
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Identify Hernan Cortes
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led expedition to Mexico
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Identify Moctezuma II
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Aztec emperor that was captured and killed by Cortes
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Identify Tenochtitlan
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capital city of Aztec
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Identify Francisco Pizarro
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led men to conquest of Incan Empire
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Identify Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
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searched for legendary city of gold
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What advantages did the conquistadors have over the Native Americans they encountered?
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horses, firearms, steel weapons, and ruthless leadership
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Whom in Indian society did the Spanish conquers eliminate? Whom did they keep in place?
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Spanish landowners
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Although most of Central and South America was agrarian, _____ was an essential activity and the basis of Spain's rule in the West Indies.
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mininng
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What metal has heavily gathered in both Mexico and Peru?
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silver
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The Haciendas (rural estates) of the Spanish colonies began producing goods primarily for _____.
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consumers in america
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The raising of sheep in Ecuador, New Spain and Peru lead to the development of _____ where common cloth was produced.
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small textile sweatshops
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The fleet system that Spain used for trade in the colonies was made possible largely by what type of ship?
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galleons
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Much of the silver that came from the Americas did not stay in the Spanish treasury because it was needed to pay for ____.
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wars
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Additionally, the arrival of American silver contributed to ____ and ____first in Spain and later throughout Western Europe.
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wars; debt
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The _____gave Portugal all claims to the east and Spain all claims to the west in the New World by drawing a hypothetical line around the globe. The country of _____belonged to Portugal.
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The King of Spain ruled the colonies in the New World through the ____, which issued laws and gave advice to the king.
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To govern the Americas more effectively, Spain created two _____located in Mexico City and Lima.
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THe viceroyalties were subdivided into 10 judicial divisions called_____.
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Brazil was settled mainly to produce _____, which was in short supply in Europe.
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dyewood
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_____did most of the backbreaking work on the plantations
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slaves
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Although white planter families and African slaves occupied the upper and lower classes of society, _____ represented a growing segment of the population.
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The Brazilian economy took a dive in the 1680's until a group known as the _____found _____in the interior of Brazil.
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In what region was gold discovered in Brazil?
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The discovery of gold and diamonds in the Brazilian interior was a mixed blessing
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positive: greatest source of gold in the Western world negative: gold strikes by slaves
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The port of Rio Janeiro grew in size and importance due to its proximity to what money generators?
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People in Brazil were categorized by
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By 1700, slaves made up _____ of the Brazilian Population
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Who are the castas?
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Who are the peninsulares?
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Who are the creoles?
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A growing sense of self identify contributed to the movements for _____in Latin AMerica
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Marriages in the Americas were often _____and accompanied by a _____.
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By the 18th century, Spain's hold in the New World wasa reduced by
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When the Spanish king, Charles ii, died without an heir, _____ recognized a member of the Bourbon famiy as the rulers of Spain.
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Spanish dynasty responsible for eighteenth century reforms with in the Spanish empire.
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Bourbon reforms and commercial changes were a double-edged sword for the American economy.
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What disrupted old patterns of power and influence, raised expectation, and sometimes provoked violent colonial reactions in both Spanish America and Brazil?
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Identify Tupac Amaru
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