Chapter 18 APUSH – Flashcards
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When did the United States purchase Alaska?
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1867
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What series of events brought large numbers of new settlers in the new states and territories?
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the discovery of Gold in California , the opening of western lands to homesteaders, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad
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Indian tribes had occupied Western lands for more then how many years?
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20,000 years
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Invasion by the English, Spanish, and other Europeans brought what to North America?
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disease, religion, conversion, and new patterns of commerce
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What gave tribes a margin of survival unknown in the East?
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geographic isolation
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After the Civil war where did the majority of the Indians live?
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in the trans Mississippi West/ the great plains
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legally the federal government had long regarded Indian tribes as what?
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autonomous nations residing within American boundaries and had negotiated numerous treaties with them over land rights and commerce
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US Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 which did what?
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provided funds to relocate all Eastern tribes by force if necessary
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The Cherokee Indians challenged the Indian Removal Act of 1830 with what supreme court case?
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Cherokee Nation v. Georgia where they ruled in favor of the Cherokee's but president Jackson ignored them
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How did the government open the Kansas and Nebraska Territories for the white settlement in 1854?
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the federal government simply abolished the northern half of Indian Territory
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What was the plan to subdue the intensifying rivalry between NA and white settlers?
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individual tribes would agree to live within clearly defined zones (reservations) and in exchange the Bureau of Indian Affairs would provide guidance, while the US military ensured protection
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What did the reservation policy reflect ?
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the vision of many "Friends of the Indian" who were educators and Protestant missionaries who aspired to "civilize the savage"
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What is the Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867?
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assigned reservations in existing Indian Territory to 8 tribes
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A group of quakers appointed by Ulysses S. Grant attempted to do what?
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mediate difference among the tribes of the Medicine Lodge Treaty and supply the starving peoples with food and seed.
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what did officials of the Bureau of Indian Affairs routinely do?
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diverted funds for their own use and reduced food supplies, a policy promoting malnutrition, demoralization, and desperation
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Why did Army commanders encourage the slaughter of the Buffalo?
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predicted that the starvation would break tribal resistance to the reservation system
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Because of the slaughter of the Buffalo and their food source basically destroyed diseases such as what swept the village?
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small pox and cholera
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In 1864 after terminating all treaties with tribes in eastern Colorado territorial governor John Evans encouraged what?
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a group of what civilians known as the Colorado Volunteers to stage raids through the Cheyenne Campgrounds
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Where did Chief Black Kettle bring his tribe for protection?
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US fort where they were ordered to set up camp at Sand Creek
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On November 29, 1864 the Colorado volunteers attacked even though what?
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Chief Black Kettle held up the US Flag and a what truce banner , they slaughter 105 women and children and 28 men
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How did the Indians retaliate from the sand creek massacre?
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burning civilian outposts and killing whole families
