Chapter 16: The United States Enters WWI – Flashcards
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What were the causes of WWI?
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Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
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What caused the United States to enter WWI?
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Attacks on U.S. ships and American support for the Allies
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What transformed European politics?
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The creation of Germany
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What was the goal of Prussia?
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To unite Germany
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How did Germany and France become enemies?
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Prussians (in order to unify Germany) attacked and defeated France, and forced France to give up territory along the Germany border
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How did Germany Protect itself?
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the Triple Alliance (made an alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungary)
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Who was a part of the Triple Alliance?
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Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary
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Who controlled much of southeastern Europe?
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The Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary)
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What did the Triple Alliance control most of?
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Southeastern Europe
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Why did the Triple Alliance Alarm Russian leaders?
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They thought Germany intended to expand into Russia
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Who were Slavs?
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Many of the people in southeastern Europe;same ethnic group as Russians
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Why did Russia sign the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894?
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Many of the people in southeastern Europe were Slavs who were the same ethnic group as Russia. Russia wanted to support the Slavs against Austria-Hungary
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What did the Franco-Russian Alliance do?
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Russia and France promised to aid eachother in war against Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary)
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What is Militarism?
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The aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations.
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What is "the aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations."?
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Militarism
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How did Britain get involved in the alliance system? What is Britain's policy?
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Germany was getting too powerful. To support weaker countries against strgon ones so no country conquered all of Europe
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What was the friendly understanding between Britain, France, and Russia called?
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the Triple Entente AKA the Allies
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What was the Triple Entente?
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a friendly understanding between Britain, France, and Russia
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Who were the naval races between?
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Britain and Germany
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What is Nationalism?
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a feeling of intense pride in one's homeland
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What is a feeling of intense pride in one's homeland?
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Nationalism
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What did the idea of nationalism create?
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a feeling that one's homeland, culture, and interests were better than others -an incentive for war
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What is the right to self-determination
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the idea that people who share a national identity should have their own country and government.
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What is the idea that people who share a national identity should have their own country and government?
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the right to self-determination
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What were the Balkans?
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a region in south-eastern Europe
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What led to the dispute in the Balkans?
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Nationalism
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What is Imperialism
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"Mercantalism on steroids" the idea that a country can increase its power and wealth by controlling other peoples
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What convinced maor European powers to build empires?
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Imperialism
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Who all pushed for independence in southeastern Europe?
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Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, and Slovenes AKA South Slavs/ Yugoslavs
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Who obtained independence 1st out of the Yugoslavs?
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Serbs
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Who supported theYugoslavs?
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Russia
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Who was against Serbia's growth?
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Austria-Hungary
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What was nicknamed "Black Hand"?
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A Serbian Nationalist group
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A member of which group assassinated Franz Ferdinand? Who did it?
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"Black Hand" Gavrilo Princip- a Bosnian revolutionary
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Who was Franz Ferdinand?
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an heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist group ("Black Hand") while visiting the capital
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Why did the Austro-Hungarian government decide to crush Serbia?
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It blamed Serbia for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and it wanted to prevent a Slavic Nationalist uprising.
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How did WWI begin?
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Austria-Hungary wanted Germany to back them up in a war against Serbia who was supported by Russia and France. (Austria-Hungary + Germany vs. Russia + Serbia + France) basically they all declared war on eachother
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How did Germany's plan to take France out of the war fail?
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Germany needed to go through nuetral Belgium in order to surround French troops. But, Britain ensured Belgium's neutrality. When Germany crossed the Belgian border, Britain declared war on them.
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Who were the Allies known as?
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the Triple Entente
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Which countries were in the Allies? Who joined in 1915?
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Britain, France, Russia, Italy
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Why did Italy join the Allies?
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the Allies promised to cede Austro-Hungarian territory to Italy after the war
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Who were the Central Powers?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
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What gave the Allies a chance to stop German forces that were heading into France?
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they were surprised by Russian troops invading Germany
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What stopped German advance?
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Battle of the Marne
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What incident triggered the beginning of WWI?
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the assassination of Franz Ferdinand
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Which Americans supported the Central Powers?
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German and Irish Americans
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In general, Who did the American public opinion favor?
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Allied Powers
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Why did most Americans favor the Allies?
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Britain- heritage, language, and shared political ideal France-great friend during Revolutionary War
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What was the Women's Peace Party later known as?
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the International League for Peace and Freedom
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Who founded the Women's Peace Party?
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Carrie Chapman Catt and Jane Addams
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Which groups worked to keep America out of WWI by urging the president not to build up the military?
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the Women's Peace Party and the International League for Peace and Freedom
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Why did Government officials and Military leaders back up Britain (want to go to war)?
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they believed that the Allies needed to win to keep the international balance of power
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What is propoganda?
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information designed to influence opinion
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Which country used mostly anti-Russian propoganda?
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Germany
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How did the British control the new flow to the US?
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the British cut the transatlantic telegraph cable from Europe to the US
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What did it mean when Britain cut the transatlantic telegraph cable?
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most war news would be based on British reports
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Who was the American ambassador to Britain?
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Walter Hines Page
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What did Walter Hines Page, the American ambassador to Britain add to the reports?
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legitimacy, and he was pro-British
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How did the legitimacy of Walter Hines Page affect Americans?
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enough Americans believed them to help sway American support in favor of the Allies
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Why were American businesses leaned more toward the Allies?
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particularly East Coast businesses had strong ties with the businesses in the Allied countries
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Which side did most American loans go to?
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The Allies
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Why was less money given to Germany?
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most foreign loans required the approval of William McAdoo who was strongly pro-British and he was the secretary of treasury
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What was a result to all the American loans given to the Allies?
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If the Allies won, the money would be paid back; if not, the money ight be gone forever
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Who began to intercept neutral ships to search for contraband?
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Britain
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What is contraband?
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good prohibited from shipment to Gerany and its allies
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What did Germny create to stop the shipments of supplies to the Allies?
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U-boats (comes from Unterseeboot "underwater boat")
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What did Germans announce in February 1915 that angered Americans?
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they would sink any ship in the waters around Britain without warning
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Why did the Germans say they would sink ships in the waters around Britain without warning?
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U-boats would be at risk if they had to surface and give a warning before firing
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Which boat did the Germans sink?
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Lusitania
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What was on the Lusitania?
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1,200 passengers- including 120 Americans; and weapons for Britain
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What did the Americans see the attack on Lusitania as?
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as an act of terrorism against civilians and a legitimate act of war
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Who was president during the attack on the Lusitania?
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Wilson
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How did Wilson respond to the attack on Lusitania?
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he tried to diffuse the situation and sent several official protests to Germany insisting that it stop endangering the lives of noncombatants in the war zone
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When was Wilson's policy (of stopping Germany from endangering lives of noncombatants in warzone) tested?
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When a U-boat torpedoed the French passenger ship Sussex
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How did Wilson's closest advisors advise Wilson to do when the Sussex was attacked?
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break off diplomatic relations with Germany
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How did Wilson respond to the Sussex attack?
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Germany must stop submarine warfare, or else: risk war with US
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What was the Sussex Pleadge?
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Germany promised, with certain conditions, to sink no more merchant ships without warning.
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Why did Germany make the Sussex Pledge with the US?
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to avoid strengthening the Allies' power by bringing the US in war
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What helped Wilson's reelection over Charles Evan Hughes?
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efforts to keep troops at home. "peace" candidate
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What was Wilson's campaign slogan?
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"He kept us out of the war"
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Who sent the Zimmermann telegram to who?
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a German official named Arthur Zimmermann sent it to the German ambassador in Mexico
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What did the Zimmermann telegram state?
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If Mexico became allies with Germany in war against the US, it would regain the lost territory from the Mexican-American War (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona) after the war
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Who intercepted the Zimmermann telegram?
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Britain
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What made it clear that war with Germany was necessary?
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the Zimmermann telegram
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When did America join the war?
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April 4, 1917
