Chapter 16 Test for Exam – World History – Flashcards
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What was the major trade commodity of the trans-Saharan trade route?
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gold
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The encomiendas were essentially legalized forms of what?
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slavery
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Which of the following was one of many important factors in encouraging the expedition of the late fifteenth century?
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competition among European monarchs
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What killed most of the African slaves who died on the voyage to the Americas?
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dysentery
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Who was the first European explorer to realize that Columbus had discovered an unknown continent?
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Amerigo Vespucci
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By the mid-sixteenth century, what empire had established control over eastern Mediterranean routes to trading centers in Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and the rest of North Africa
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Ottoman
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Which of the following is an estimate of the native population of the Americas in 1492?
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50 million
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How did Portugal come to be the entry point for Asian good in Europe?
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by capturing Muslim-controlled port cities in the Indian Ocean, it gained control of European trade
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What was the staple food of the Southeast Asian diet
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rice
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Which of the following statements best describes slavery and race in seventeenth century?
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slavery did not change Europeans' negative perceptions of Africans
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Who settled that dispute over Spain and Portugal's competing claims to the Americas?
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Pope Alexander VI
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What was the most important food item introduced from the New World to Europe?
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white potatoes
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Which European kingdom took the lead in overseas exploration?
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Portugal
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What happened when Christopher Columbus returned to the island of Hispaniola for a second time?
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he forcibly enslaved the indigenous people and subjected them to forced labor
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The Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan was aided by what disease?
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smallpox
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How did Italian humanists view the education of women?
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they saw value in exposing women to classical models of reasoning
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What is Prince Henry of Portugal known for?
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his significant support of early voyages of exploration
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What did the encomienda system, established by the Spanish crown, allow Spaniards to do?
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extract tribute and forced labor form the native people on a particular piece of land
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In the sixteenth century, there was a huge increase in the use of enslaved Africans in Brazil in order to produce what crop?
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sugar
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What event occurred in the Byzantine Empire in the late fifteenth century that limited Europe's access to spices from the East?
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Ottoman armies conquered Constantinople and took control of trade routes to the East
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Christopher Columbus was inspired by what two travelers?
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Sir John Mandeville and Marco Polo
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Spanish viceroys presided over what judicial advisory council?
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Audiencia
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Who was the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope?
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Bartholomew Diaz
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What was the most significant error of Ptolemy's Geography?
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he was unaware of the Americas and underestimated the earth's size
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By 1500, Portugal controlled the flow of what lucrative product to Europe?
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African gold
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Humanist and Renaissance ideas of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were spread by what new technology?
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printing press
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Which of the following was one of the central ideals of the Italian Renaissance?
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recognition of individual achievement
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What did the Spanish discover at Potosí in the sixteenth century?
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silver, in large quantities
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Scholars have identified the natives first encountered by Columbus as peoples from what indigenous group?
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Taino
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How far west did Zheng He explore in the fifteenth century?
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Egypt
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Why did women in Southeast Asia tend to have more economic power than women in India, China, and Europe?
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they took the primary role in planting and harvesting rice
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Who led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire?
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Francisco Pizarro
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What was one of the most important trade goods that came out of India?
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pepper
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Even before the discoveries of Columbus, Europeans participated in the world economy through which merchants?
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Italian
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Who had the most advanced economy in the world before the eighteenth century?
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China
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What was Ferdinand Magellan sent on a mission to discover in 1519?
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a direct sea route to Asia
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Where did Italian merchants originally purchase slaves?
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the Balkans
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Where did Columbus first land in the Americas?
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the Bahamas
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Seventeenth-century Dutch trade was based on which of the following commodities?
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spices
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What commodity from the Americas did the French find most profitable?
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furs
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The Spanish crown granted a monopoly of New World traffic to what city?
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Seville
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What was an important factor in the emergence of the Italian Renaissance?
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the rise of wealthy, urban patrons of the arts
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When Columbus landed on Cuba on October 28, 1492, where did he think he had landed?
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China
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What is an astrolabe?
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it was used to plot latitude using the sun
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What was the most significant food item introduced from Europe to the New World?
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meat
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By the end of his life, how did Columbus view his voyages?
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he continued to believe he had discovered islands off the coast of Asia
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The beginning of European exploration and expansion was marked by Portugal's 1415 conquest of what city?
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Ceuta
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What was a central feature of Christopher Columbus's character?
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He was known for his deep religious conviction
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What happened when the Inca leader Atahualpa first met the Spanish?
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he was seized and ultimately executed
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Bride wealth--the money exchanged at the time of marriage in Southeast Asia--was usually given to whom?
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the bride
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After his initial voyage to the Americas i 1492, how did Columbus describe the natives he met?
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as handsome, peaceful, and primitive
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With which group did Hernán Cortés establish an alliance?
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the Tlaxcala
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What did Cortés do upon reaching the city of Tenochtitlan?
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he took Moctezuma hostage
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what was one of the most important trade goods that came from india?
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pepper
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When Columbus landed on Cuba on October 28, 1492 , where did he think he had landed?
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China
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which European kingdom took the lead in overseas exploration?
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Portugal
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17th century Dutch trade was based on what commodities?
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spices
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even before the discoveries of columbus, European participated in the world economy through which merchants?
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Italy
