Chapter 16, Section 1: US History – Flashcards
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Jacob Riis
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He wrote the book "How the Other Half Lives" which was about how the poor people (mostly immigrants) suffered from terrible living conditions in their tenement homes.
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Progressivism
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A reform movement that addressed many of the social problems that industrialism created.
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Muckrakers
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People that exposed or "raked" the filth and corruption of a city and/or its government.
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Ida Tarbell
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She was a muckraker that wrote about Standard Oil's corruption, and she also exposed John D. Rockefeller's monopoly.
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Lincoln Steffens
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He exposed the corruption of the city government in his book: "The Shame of the Cities" written in 1904.
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Lillian Wald
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She was a reformer that worked to expand public health services to the poor.
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Tenement Act of 1901
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This act required that all tenement landlords provided lighting in public hallways and to provide one toilet for every two families.
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NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
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This was an organization founded by Ida Wells-Barnett, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Jane Addams. The organization protested segregation in federal government, protested films with messages of segregation, and they worked for the betterment of African Americans.
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ADL (Anti-Defamation League)
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This organization was started by Sigmund Livingston in 1913 to end antisemitism, or hostility towards Jews.
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Florence Kelley
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He/she persuaded Illinois to prohibit child labor, and shortened the work hours for women. He/she also helped found the National Child Labor Committee, which persuaded state legislatures to ban child labor, but not all states reinforced this.
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Lochner vs. New York
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The Supreme Court sided with the business owners on this court case.
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Mauller vs. Oregon
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The Supreme Court sided with the workers in this court case. Led to shorter work day for women in laundromats (to 10 hours)
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
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This was a fire that started in a shirtwaist factory that led to the death of many people working in the building. The working conditions were so poor, people did not have proper exits to escape the fire, leaving them to die. This incident helped the progressives by making their causes look good.
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ILGWU
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The International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, which organized unskilled workers as members, and they had strikes that were used to earn more pay and a shorter work day.
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AFL
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The American Federation of Labor, which organized skilled workers as members only. They led strikes and whatnot, they were similar to the ILGWU.
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IWW
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The Industrial Workers of the World, an organization that opposed capitalism altogether, they would often use radical tactics to get their voices heard, such as industrial sabotage.
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Robert M. La Follette
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He was a progressive governor that wanted election reforms, and he formed commissions to oversee transportation, civil services, and taxation.
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Seventeenth Amendment
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This amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed voters to vote Senators directly into office, as opposed to having the legislature vote for them.
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Secret Ballot
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New secret ballots were being used, that made people's votes more anonymous.
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Initiative
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This allows voters to put a proposed law on the ballot for public approval.
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Referendum
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Allows citizens to vote on a recently passed law, to see its public approval. Citizens can also revoke the law in enough votes against it are made.
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Recall
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This allows citizens to remove an elected official from office by holding an official vote.
