Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders – Flashcards
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Psychological Disorder
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a "harmful dysfunction" in which behavior is judged to be atypical, distrubing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable.
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Medical Perspective
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the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured.
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Bio-psycho-social Perspective
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a contemporary perspective which assumes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors cobine and interact to produce psychological disorders.
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DSM-IV
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the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
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Neurotic Disorder
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a psychological disorder that is usually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function socially.
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Psychotic
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a psychological disorer in which a person loses contact with reality experianceing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.
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Anxiety Disorder
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psychological disorders charaterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors to reduce anxiety.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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an anzeiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
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Panic Disorder
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an anxiety disorder marked by a minutes long episode of intesne dread in which a person experiances terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other sensations.
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Phobia
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an anxiety disorder makred by a persistent irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and or actions.
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Fear Conditioning
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rats are conditioned to fear the lab enviornment, after receiving shocks everytime they entered.
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Stimulus Generalization
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A person who fears heights after a fall may be afraid of airplanes without ever having flown.
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Reinforcement
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helps maintain phobias and compulsions. Avoiding a feared situation reduces anxiety and produces reinforcement.
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Observational Learning
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Learning from observing others' fear.
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Learning Perspective
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Observational learning, reinforcement, stimulus generalization, and fear conditioning.
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Biological Perspective
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Natural Selection, genes, and physiology.
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Mood Disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by emotional extreams.
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Major Depressive Disorder
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a mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiances two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest.
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Manic Episode
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a mood disorder marked by hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
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Bipolar Disorder
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a mood disorder in which the person alternates between a depressed and manic state.
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Dissociative Disorders
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disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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a rare dissociative disorder in which a person edhibits two or more sitince and alternating personalities.
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Delusions
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false beliefs that may accompany psychotic behavior.
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Paranoid Schizophrenia
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Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of presecution or grandiosity.
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Disorganized Schizophrenia
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Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion.
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Catatonic Schizophrenia
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immobility or excessive, purposeless movement, extream negativity, or parotlike repeating of another's speech and movement.
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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
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Many and varied symptoms.
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Residual Schizophrenia
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Withdrawl, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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a personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever conartist.
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Autistic Disorder
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social relationships and communication problems.
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Rett's Disorder
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only occurs in females, very rare, up to the age of two the girl is normal, and then suddenly the head stops growing and she becomes mentally disabled.
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Asperger's Disorder
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Autism, learning disablity, obsessive tendency, and is antisocial.
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Conduct Disorder
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Leads into antisocial disorder, criminal tendencys.
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Learning Disorders
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Dyslexia, Disorder of written expression, mathematics disorder.
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Communication Disorders
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Expressive Language disorder, phonological disorder, and stuttering.
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Somatoform Disorder
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Marked by physical symptoms that have no known physical explanation.
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Pain Disorder
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psychological factors cause pain, distress, not intentional, very detailed discriptions.
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Hypochondriasis
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always think they have a serious disease.
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Conversion Disorder
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sensory or motor; loss of voice, loss of smell, loss of hearing, paralysis; anxiety based.
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Malingering
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a physical concern. Fake a compacity to get out of responsablity.
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder
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preoccupied with imagined body faults; spend most time looking at ones' self.
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Histrionic
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excessively shallow, always center of attention, overdramatic.
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Narcissistic
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exagerated idea of self importance.
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Borderline
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depressed, crave intamacy but repell it, fragile egos, druggies, poor self image.
