Question 1

Currently in the United States, who may legally prescribe psychotropic medications to treat psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

licensed physicians and specially trained licensed psychologists in the U.S. military, New Mexico, and Louisiana

Question 2

Dr. Jenkins is a licensed clinical psychologist in Chicago who has an office next door to Dr. Zimmerman, who is a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Which of the following statements correctly describes the current rules under which Dr. Jenkins and Dr. Zimmerman practice?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Zimmerman can write prescriptions for psychoactive drugs and administer electroconvulsive therapy, but Dr. Jenkins cannot.

Question 3

Which of the following mental health professionals holds a master\'s degree in social work and has had an internship at a social service agency or mental health center?

Accepted Answer

psychiatric social worker

Question 4

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. These critics:

Accepted Answer

are concerned that the safety and well-being of patients could be at risk if psychologists receive inadequate training to prescribe psychotropic medications.

Question 5

According to Freud, when early experiences result in unresolved conflicts and frustrated urges, these emotionally charged memories are _____ but can continue to influence a person\'s thoughts and behavior.

Accepted Answer

repressed

Question 6

In psychoanalysis, the term resistance refers to the:

Accepted Answer

patient\'s unconscious attempts to block the process of revealing repressed memories and conflicts.

Question 7

Who is most likely to have said: \"The resistance accompanies the treatment step by step. Every single association, every act of the person under treatment must reckon with the resistance and represents a compromise between the forces that are striving towards recovery and opposing ones?\"

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 8

Compared to therapists who practice traditional psychoanalysis, therapists who practice one of the forms of short-term dynamic therapy tend to:

Accepted Answer

be more directive and actively engage the patient in a dialogue.

Question 9

Sigmund Freud\'s psychoanalytic ideas and techniques:

Accepted Answer

have had an enormous impact on psychotherapy and continue to be studied today.

Question 10

Interpersonal therapy was originally developed to treat:

Accepted Answer

major depressive disorder.

Question 11

Your textbook lists several psychological problems and disorders that have been successfully treated with interpersonal therapy. Which of the following was NOT listed as a psychological problem or disorder that can be successfully treated with interpersonal therapy?

Accepted Answer

schizophrenia

Question 12

Who is most likely to have claimed that \"As the client becomes more self-aware, more self-acceptant, less defensive and more open, she finds at last some of the freedom to grow and change in directions natural to the human organism\"?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 13

Both psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy stress:

Accepted Answer

the importance of insight and increased self-understanding.

Question 14

Believing that the term patient implied that people seeking therapy were sick and seeking treatment from an all-knowing authority figure who would heal them, Carl Rogers preferred the term _____ to describe people in therapy.

Accepted Answer

client

Question 15

Free association, dream interpretation, and transference are to _____ as unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding are to _____.

Accepted Answer

psychoanalysis; client-centered therapy

Question 16

In client-centered therapy, the therapist:

Accepted Answer

strives to be nondirective, genuine, and accepting.

Question 17

Steve\'s therapist Dr. Royce is a client-centered therapist. During therapy sessions, he actively listens to Steve\'s words and often responds by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Steve seems to be saying. Steve\'s therapist is:

Accepted Answer

communicating empathic understanding.

Question 18

According to Carl Rogers, therapeutic change in client-centered therapy occurs:

Accepted Answer

as the client\'s views of himself and the world become less distorted.

Question 19

A therapeutic approach that uses client-centered techniques to help clients overcome mixed feelings about committing to change is:

Accepted Answer

motivational interviewing (MI).

Question 20

Usually lasting only a session or two, _____ is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

motivational interviewing (MI)

Question 21

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that:

Accepted Answer

adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned.

Question 22

In the 1920s, the famous case of Little Albert demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

strong negative emotional reactions, such as fear of a lab rat, could be classically conditioned.

Question 23

The process of learning a new conditioned response that is incompatible with a previously learned response is called _____ and is based on the principles of _____.

Accepted Answer

counterconditioning; classical conditioning

Question 24

Systematic desensitization is based on the same premise as:

Accepted Answer

counterconditioning.

Question 25

When Gary found out that his new job required some air travel, he sought the help of a clinical psychologist to deal with his intense fear of flying. The clinical psychologist suggested using a procedure called systematic desensitization. As the first step in the process of systematic desensitization, the clinical psychologist:

Accepted Answer

trained Gary in a technique called progressive relaxation.

Question 26

Which of the following techniques are often used in combination with the standard systematic desensitization procedures?

Accepted Answer

observational learning techniques involving watching others calmly cope with the feared situation

Question 27

Virtual reality therapy is a form of computer-assisted _____ used to help people conquer phobias such as fear of heights.

Accepted Answer

systematic desensitization

Question 28

Which of the following procedures is based on the principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning

Question 29

Which of the following is an important component of treatment programs based on operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

identifying specific problem behaviors and determining their baseline rate

Question 30

Dr. Whittaker is a psychotherapist who tells each of his patients the following: \"You think that you\'re unhappy because of all the dreadful things that have happened to you. I\'m here to show you that your unhappiness is really due to your thinking that all the things that have happened to you are dreadful!\" Based on this statement, which type of psychotherapy does Dr. Whittaker practice?

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapy

Question 31

Cognitive therapies are based upon the assumption that psychological problems are essentially caused by:

Accepted Answer

irrational and illogical patterns of thinking.

Question 32

Which of the following represents an irrational belief?

Accepted Answer

\"It is OK to become extremely upset by other people\'s problems.\"

Question 33

Phil is a client in rational-emotive therapy. The first step of his therapy will probably focus on identifying:

Accepted Answer

core irrational beliefs.

Question 34

According to Beck\'s cognitive therapy, psychological problems are caused by:

Accepted Answer

negative cognitive biases, distorted thinking, and unrealistic beliefs.

Question 35

As part of her treatment for an eating disorder, Anne\'s psychologist designs a treatment program that involves monitoring Anne\'s thoughts about food and her weight and recording her eating behavior and weight-control techniques. In addition, her therapist develops a behavior modification program that is designed to reward appropriate eating behavior and discourage inappropriate behaviors. Which therapy is Anne\'s psychologist using?

Accepted Answer

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Question 36

_____ therapy refers to therapy that is provided by one or more therapists working with several people simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

Group

Question 37

The general goal of couple therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

increase intimacy and improve problem solving and communication skills of people in a committed relationship.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychotherapy is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The gains that people make as a result of psychotherapy, including brief forms of psychotherapy, tend to be long lasting.

Question 39

To say that a psychotherapy treatment is empirically supported means that it meets all of the following conditions EXCEPT that it:

Accepted Answer

incorporates psychoanalytic principles as outlined by Sigmund Freud.

Question 40

Researchers on effective psychotherapy have identified several common factors that contribute to a positive therapy outcome. Which of the following is NOT one of those common factors?

Accepted Answer

a specific therapeutic approach or orientation

Question 41

As a clinical psychologist in private practice, Dr. Drake uses a variety of psychotherapy techniques. As a rule, she selects the therapy approach based on the problem and the characteristics of the person seeking help. Dr. Drake would be best described as a(n):

Accepted Answer

eclectic psychotherapist.

Question 42

Which of the following assumptions of Western psychotherapy might prove especially problematic to a person with a collectivistic cultural background?

Accepted Answer

the belief that people should be independent and self-sufficient

Question 43

Jennie\'s husband was hospitalized and treated with antipsychotic medications for his symptoms of schizophrenia. Because she was worried about his symptoms, Jennie confronted the psychiatrist who was treating her husband. \"This is completely unacceptable,\" she said. \"My husband shuffles around this ward like he is a zombie. He jerks and twitches for no apparent reason, the expression on his face hardly ever changes, and he\'s becoming more withdrawn and apathetic.\" Which of the following medications was most likely being used to treat Jennie\'s husband?

Accepted Answer

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Question 44

In comparison to the first (or typical) antipsychotic medications that were developed, which of the following is an advantage of the atypical antipsychotics?

Accepted Answer

They are much less likely to cause movement-related side effects.

Question 45

Valium, Librium, Xanax, and other similar antianxiety medications:

Accepted Answer

act quickly and reduce the physical and emotional feelings of anxiety in about an hour.

Question 46

The antianxiety medication with the trade name _____ is not a benzodiazepine.

Accepted Answer

Buspar

Question 47

Which of the following statements about lithium salt is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Lithium salt is a benzodiazepine.

Question 48

The so-called \"first generation\" of antidepressants:

Accepted Answer

include the tricyclics and MAO inhibitors and affect multiple neurotransmitter pathways in the brain.

Question 49

Dr. Telford\'s research is concerned with how genes influence an individual\'s response to drugs. He works in a new field of study called:

Accepted Answer

pharmacogenetics.

Question 50

As the new field of _____ advances, it may help overcome the trial-and-error nature of prescribing not only antidepressants, but other psychotropic medications as well.

Accepted Answer

pharmacogenetics

Question 51

Electroconvulsive therapy, abbreviated ECT, involves:

Accepted Answer

a brief burst of electricity to the brain that induces a seizure.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about electroconvulsive therapy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy reduces symptoms of major depressive disorder by causing some brain damage and increasing the frequency of seizures.

Question 53

Which of the following treatments for major depressive disorder does NOT involve applying an electrical current to the patient?

Accepted Answer

TMS

Question 54

Regarding sexual interactions between client and therapist, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Sexual contact between a therapist and client is never ethical.

Question 55

The term catharsis refers to:

Accepted Answer

the emotional relief that people experience from talking about their feelings and problems.

Question 56

The textbook provides guidelines to help you understand the special nature of the therapy relationship and develop realistic expectations about the process of psychotherapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Expect your therapist to make decisions for you; your therapist will often tell you what to do, reducing your stress when making important decisions.

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