question

Rape (forcible sexual penetration) committed by someone who is not known by the victim

answer

stranger rape

question

unwanted or non-consensual sexual contact that occurs as a result of force or the threatened use of force, as a result of coercion (manipulation or pressure), or when the person is unable to consent or resist (i.e. intoxicated, asleep, unconscious, under the legal age of consent)

answer

sexual assault

question

non-consensual oral, or vaginal penetration, obtained by force, by threat, of bodily harm, or when the victim is incapable of giving consent

answer

rape

question

this number represents the number of rapes occurring annually in South Africa

answer

600,000

question

this is how long it takes for a woman to be raped in South Africa

answer

17 seconds

question

year in which 109,062 reported FBI rape cases but luckily, rape has declined dramatically

answer

1992

question

the year in which although rape was declining, the numbers are still too high. Thus, a woman was forcibly raped every 6 minutes

answer

2011

question

these locations were reported in Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia

answer

Lowest rates of rape

question

South Dakota, Arkansas, Minnesota, Colorado, Alaska

answer

Highest rates of rape

question

women and men are directly asked about various types of sexual and non-sexual violence they may have experienced

answer

victimization surveys

question

longest ongoing survey that is conducted twice each year and large numbers of US residents are contacted by telephone and asked about their experiences with both reported and unreported sexual assault (defined as rape, attempted rape, and forced sexual contact)

answer

National Crime Victimization Survey

question

fraction of rape victims that never report their assault to police or other authorities

answer

2/3

question

fraction of women that reported having been raped in 2011 by the NCVS

answer

210/100,000

question

percentage of American women that have been the victims of of rape or attempted rape in their lifetimes

answer

1 in 5 (20%)

question

percentage of high school girls that have been forced to have sexual intercourse when they did not want to

answer

12%

question

cases reported to law enforcement

answer

crime data

question

percentage of victims that were raped and under the age of 11

answer

29%

question

number of 65 year or older people that are raped each year

answer

3,000

question

this fraction illustrates sexual assaults that happen at home. Either at the victim's own home or at the home of a friend, relative, or acquaintance

answer

Over 2/3

question

percentage of rapes that are committed by someone the victim knows

answer

78%

question

(1) The relationship that exists between the rapist and the victim (2) The age of the Victim (3) The number of assailants

answer

Types of Rape

question

a rape committed by someone who is known by the victim atleast 90% of women know the victim

answer

Acquaintance Rape

question

A type of acquaintance rape that is committed during a date or social encounter agreed to by the victim

answer

Date Rape

question

situations in which physically or verbally coercive tactics are used to gain sexual compliance from another person

answer

Sexual Coercion

question

a drug that has substantially increased that are "date rape drugs" and that are slipped into unknowing victims' drinks and prevents memory of any events including rape the manufacturer now has changed the formula to cause the drinks to change colors

answer

Rohypnol ("roofies") & Gamma Hydroxybutyrate

question

percentage of women who had experienced an alcohol-related sexual assault

answer

1 in 5 (20%) women

question

taking advantage of a partner who is asleep or unconscious or getting a partner heavily intoxicated in order to have sex

answer

Physically Coercive Tactics

question

making someone have sex, by pleading, becoming angry, verbally threatening to end the relationship, making the other person fell guilty for refusing, or continuing to persist in the face of the other person's objections

answer

Verbally Coercive Tactics

question

approximate percentage of women have engaged in unwanted sex because their partners used verbal coercion

answer

~10%

question

saying "no" when they meant "yes" during sexual encounters

answer

token resistance

question

agreeing to sexual intercourse when you do not really want to

answer

compliance

question

percentage of women that have complied with a partner's sexual request when they did not want to

answer

30%-50%

question

fraction of people who were on a date and drinking before the attack

answer

1/2

question

wrote "The husband cannot be guilty of rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife. For their mutual consent and contract, the wife hath given herself up in this kind."

answer

Sir Matthew Hale

question

doctrine that stated that marriage implied "a kind of generalized consent" from a wife to a husband's sexual demands and that behavior from a husband that resembled rape therefore was different from the actual crime of rape

answer

marital rape exemption

question

Nebraska became the first state to abolish the marital rape exemption and other states followed

answer

1970's

question

non-consensual sex in which the perpetrator is the victim's spouse became a crime in all 50 states and The District of Columbia

answer

Marital Rape

question

when the victim experiences forced sex as well as physical violence and coercive control for her spouse

answer

Battering Rape (anger rape)

question

typically does not involve severe physical violence but the perpetrator will use force or coercion to obtain sex from an unwilling partner

answer

force-only rape (power rape)

question

is much less common and is motivated by a sadistic desire to sexually torment and mistreat the partner to humiliate the partner to achieve their sexual goals

answer

Obsessive Rape (Sadistic Rape)

question

percentage of married women who are victims of marital rape

answer

10%-14%

question

rape in which a victim is assaulted by more than one attacker

answer

Gang Rape

question

percentage of rape victims that are assaulted by multiple (two or more) assailants in the US

answer

10%

question

laws that make it illegal for an adult to have sexual intercourse with anyone under the legal age of consent, even if the person consented to the activity

answer

statutory rape (carnal knowledge of a juvenile)

question

protect teenagers who have consensual sex with other, slightly younger teenagers from being charged with statutory rape, as long as the two are within a certain age gap

answer

Romeo and Juliet Laws

question

when 7 teenagers were arrested for raping a 17-year-old girl even though SHE CONSENTED. However she was mentally impaired and had an IQ of about an 8 year-old and thus could not fully understand her actions

answer

Glen Ridge Gang Rape

question

fraction of female respondents, in Laumanns' 1994 survey, reported having ever been been forced by another woman into unwanted sexual activity 14% of female inmates being assaulted by another inmate

answer

6/1,000

question

rape in which the victim is male

answer

male rape

question

percentage of men that have been raped in their lifetime (17,000 men in the US in 2011)

answer

1.4% (1.6 million men)

question

(1) men tend to be raped by men (2) men are more likely to be assaulted by someone they know than by a stranger HOWEVER, male rape victims are more likely to be raped during their childhood

answer

Male Rape Traits

question

percentage of gay or bisexual men report having been physically forced or coerced into unwanted intercourse, many by a partner

answer

12%-40%

question

percentage of male prisoners report having been sexually assaulted at least once by another inmate during their incarceration higher for gays (39%) & bisexual (34%) heterosexual (3.5%) perpetrators usually heterosexual

answer

4%

question

reported several instances in which men had been kidnapped by a woman or a group of women who then forced them (often with use of a weapon) to engage in sexual intercourse

answer

Sarrel And Masters (1982)

question

percentage of high school boys who were forced to have intercourse when they did not want to

answer

5%

question

often physical

answer

Coercion by men

question

often verbal

answer

Coercion by women

question

studies show that rapists are more seuxually aroused when listening to an audiotape of rape and less sexually aroused while listening to tapes of consensual sex

answer

Rapist Stimuli

question

become aroused by rape stimuli involving violence and victim injury

answer

sexual sadists

question

developed because of emotionally, physically, or sexually abused as children, were neglected by their caregivers, and/or were raised in a family environment that included abuse by the father directed to the mother. Also high levels of drugs and alcohol

answer

Rapist Development

question

the ability to see things from the victim's perspective; something rapist lack

answer

empathy

question

believing, for example, that their victims wanted to have sex with them, or deserved to be raped

answer

distorted perspective

question

a character disorder that is very resistant to change

answer

psychopathology

question

classified rapists according to whether their aim was aggression, sex, or sadism

answer

Cohen (1971) Theory

question

describe three types of rapists: -power rapists -anger rapists -sadistic rapists

answer

Groth, Burgess, & Holmstrom (1977) Theory

question

commit premeditated attacks in order to overcome personal feelings of insecurity and inadequacy *use threat and weapons and gives them the sense of mastery and control *seek to humiliate and degrade their victims through language and acts

answer

Power Rapists

question

percentage that is estimated to be power rapes

answer

55%

question

generally commits unplanned assaults in an attempt to express his hostility or anger about some wrong he feels has been done to him--by life or by his victim. anger is often directed to women in general

answer

Anger Rapist

question

percentage of rapes that are anger rapes

answer

40%

question

erotically aroused by physical force and derive pleasure from inflicting physical pain on their victims. For them to be sexually satisfied, the victim has to resist, if they don't, the perpetrate would torture or murder the victim

answer

Sadistic Rapist

question

percentage of rapes that are sadistic rapes

answer

5% (Groth)

question

rapists motivated by a desire for sex who rape impulsively when there is an opportunity *get mad when victim resists *only force is to commit the act *account for majority of date rapes

answer

Opportunistic Rapist

question

the traditional sexual script "supports and condones male sexual coercion against women and that this sexual script remains normative dating script in our society"

answer

Feminist Theory

question

rape that is committed by soldiers, combatants, or civilians during times of war, armed conflict, or military occupation. Used to destabilize, displace, and terrorize a targeted community

answer

War rape

question

proposes that rapists have distorted offense-supportive chemas about what women believe and desire and view women as sexual objects

answer

Social-Cognitive Theory

question

assume that the inclination of men to rape is part and parcel of their evolved psychology. (Produced more offspring who survived to sexual maturity)

answer

Evolutionary Theory

question

(1) Does not explain why men raped children, old women, and other men (2) It generally ignores cultural and social learning influences

answer

Evolutionary Theory Criticism

question

provided 6 predictors for whether sexual aggression will proceed; *sexual arousal *dominance as motivation *hostile attitude toward women *aggressive attitudes toward women *antisocial personality *promiscuous experience

answer

Malamuth and Colleagues

question

two interacting pathways that result in rape/sexual coercion

answer

Hypermasculinity w/ hostile attitudes & Sexual Promiscuity

question

proposed a theory that integrates three casual factors: 1) brain development 2) social/cultural environment 3) personal circumstances

answer

Ward and Beech (2008)

question

widespread mistaken beliefs about rape

answer

Rape Myths

question

women who are raped usually provoked the attack by their dress and behavior

answer

Myth #1

question

percentage of 7th-9th grade boys that believed that it was okay for a man to force a date to have sexual intercourse if she let him touch her above the waist

answer

48%

question

women subconsciously want to be raped; no woman can be raped if she truly does not want to be

answer

Myths #2 &#3

question

women frequently make false accusations of rape

answer

Myth #4

question

percentage of reported rapes that are false

answer

2%-6%

question

a group of clinical symptoms displayed by many victims of rape; previously called rape trauma syndrome. It includes an acute phase (involving initial physical and psychological recovery from the attack) and long-term psychological reorganization (involving attempts to deal with the long-term effects of the attack and to prevent a future rape)

answer

post-rape posttraumatic stress disorder

question

when rape victims are as if they were trying to deny that the rape had affected them in any way (may become expressive later)

answer

Controlled Reaction

question

symptoms that the rape victim may experience including 1) restricted affect 2) detachment from other people 3) concentration problems

answer

dissociative symptoms

question

the rape victim attempts to regain control of her or his life (including taking steps to prevent rape from occurring again) and may move or change jobs

answer

period of long-term reorganization

question

support that conveys empathy, warmth, understanding, concern, and nurturance from the significant other & is the most likely to alleviate stress

answer

emotional support

question

provide a specially trained counselor to be with the victim from the initial investigation through the prosecution

answer

rape victim advocate programs

question

the use of this has substantially increased successful prosecution of rapists

answer

DNA Evidence

question

percentage of rape victims who got pregnant after their attack half are terminated by abortion

answer

5% of rape victims

question

percentage that shows infection rates in rape victims testing positive for atleast 1 STI (women)

answer

33%

question

percentage of STI''s among male sexual assault victims

answer

18%

question

medical organizations recommend that all rape victims be treated with a variety of medications shortly after the rape

answer

Medical Care after Rape

question

focuses on the rapist primarily consist of legal deterrents to prevent rape such as therapy for the rapist

answer

First Approach of Preventing Rape

question

focuses on the potential victim; shows that women should not advertise that they live alone or walking alone at night. Second, it is recommended that women learn self-defense, being assertive and fighting back

answer

Second Approach of Preventing Rape

question

focuses on social systems perspective; rape is caused by factors in the surrounding socio-cultural context that create an environment that is conducive to sexual violence (ex: (1) socialization processes that support the acquisition of rape myths (2) rigid gender roles that emphasize male aggression and female passivity (3) sexual double standards (4) peer group norms that promote exploitative attitudes toward women and the use of coercive sexual strategies)

answer

Final Approach of Preventing Rape

question

a number that represents the amount of people that filed sexual harassment charges with the EEOC 84% women 16% men 20% reach meritorious resolution

answer

23,000-30,000

question

experienced sexual harassment in the workplace in a lifetime

answer

41% women & 32% men

question

unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute unlawful sexual harassment when (a) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individuals employment (b) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual,or (c) such conduct has the purpose or effect or unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment

answer

sexual harassment

question

when examining the particular workplace, would a reasonable woman conclude that there was sexual harassment that resulted in a hostile work environment

answer

reasonable woman standard

question

bans discrimination in employment based on sex

answer

Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964

question

subdivided harassment of women into 5 types: (1) pressure for dates/relationships (13%) (2) sexual comments (28%) (3) sexual posturing (24%) (4) sexual touching (17%) (5) sexual assault (1%)

answer

Gruber (1990)

question

women in the workforce that had been pressured to cooperate sexually in order to be treated well

answer

12% (O'Hare & O'Donohue)

question

When there is unequal power such as employer-employee or teacher-student realtionships

answer

When does sexual harassment occur?

question

percentage of female college students that have been sexually harassed by an instructor

answer

30%

question

schools can be held liable for not taking action

answer

Title IX of the Education Amendment of 1972

question

nearly half of students grades 7-12 experience some form of sexual harassment (in person or online) girls (56%) boys (40%)

answer

48% (sexual harassment)

question

did not report their harassment

answer

50% of high school students

question

repeated and unwanted pursuit and invasion of one's sense of physical or symbolic privacy by another person who desires or presumes an intimate relationship

answer

obsessive relational intrusion (Stalking)

question

percentage that was stalked by a current or former intimate partner

answer

66% women & 41% men

question

percentage of victims who ever decide to take formal action

answer

5% sexual harassment cases

question

percentages of victims of child sexual abuse in the US

answer

10%-20% girls & fewer than 10% boys

question

many children experienced FEW long-term negative effects & that victims recall their experiences as having been positive or pleasurable

answer

sexually abused children effects

question

refers to prepubescent children (13 years of age or younger) and the abuse has to be by someone who is atleast 5 years older than the child

answer

"children"

question

unwanted sexual advance or being spoken to in a sexual manner, to an incident or indecent exposure,to inappropriate touching or acts of penetration

answer

Sexual behavior

question

THERE IS NO UNIVERSAL DEFINITION. However, the central view is that the dominant position allows him or her to force or coerce a child into sexual activity. Child sexual abuse may include fondling a child's genitals, masturbation, oral-genital contact, digital penetration, and vaginal and anal intercourse. Child abuse is not solely restricted to physical contact: such abuse could include noncontact abuse, such as exposure, voyeurism, and child pornography

answer

child sexual abuse

question

usually the molester is an adult known to the victim and very often a relative

answer

Who molests children

question

those who have a primary sexual orientation toward children and are relatively uninterested in adult partners

answer

preference molesters

question

those who have a primary interest towards adults and who consider their actions toward children, often done impulsively during stress, as abnormal

answer

situational molesters

question

a condition in which sexual arousal is achieved primarily and repeatedly through sexual activity with children who have not reached puberty

answer

Pedophilia

question

sexual attraction to pubescent children

answer

hebephilia

question

concerns with whether this person is exclusively attracted to children

answer

exclusive "true" pedophilia

question

whether they are attracted to both children and physically mature adults

answer

non-exclusive pedophilia

question

men who are sexually attracted to male children

answer

homosexual pedophiles (does not exclusively define sexual identity)

question

men who prefer female children

answer

heterosexual pedophiles (does not exclusively define sexual identity)

question

men who are attracted to both male and female children

answer

bisexual pedophiles (does not exclusively define sexual identity)

question

those who are attracted to female children often prefer girls who are from ages 8-10 those who are attracted to male children tend to prefer boys between the ages of 10-13

answer

Pedophile preferred age range

question

attracted to children because he has never developed the social skills necessary to initiate and maintain a sexual relationship with an adult

answer

personally immature pedophile

question

-in control

answer

Pros for pedophile

question

-lacks social incompetence -unable to maintain stable relationship with an adult -uncontrolable urge

answer

Cons for pedophile

question

likely to engage in sexual relations in an impulsive manner, often with a child who is a stranger *normal adult sexual relations

answer

regressive pedophile

question

not satisfied with just sex, but are aroused with inflicting physical injury and is fortunately the least common

answer

aggressive pedophile (child rapists)

question

percentage of all child molestation cases that include physical harm to the vitamins

answer

7%-15%

question

percentage of child molesters who themselves were the victims of sexual abuse of children

answer

30%-90%

question

the child molesters truly believe that the act has positive effects on the children *few personality traits that coincide with pedophilia *heterogenous group

answer

Effects on children

question

approximate fraction of online sex offenders have also committed offline assault of a child

answer

~1/2

question

use the internet for mutual sexual gratification without direct physical contact (cybersex in chatrooms)

answer

Cruisers

question

use the internet for passive self-gratification (viewing child pornography)

answer

masturbators

question

ty to gain direct physical access to children

answer

stalkers (dangerous)

question

use the internet to communicate with other pedophiles and trade information, porn, and child victims

answer

networkers or swappers (dangerous)

question

married woman w/ 2 children with one of her births consisting of a teenage student

answer

Mary Kay LeTourneau

question

percentage of youths aged 13-21 who were in juvenile prisons that were sexually abused while in custody, usually by female staff

answer

12% (female perpetrators)

question

percentage of women who were found to have committed sexual abuse involving girl victims 20% of the abuse involving boy victims

answer

5% (female perpetrators)

question

percentage of sex offenses are committed by women

answer

4%-5% (female perpetrators)

question

typically an adolescent or young adult who molests out of curiosity (curious babysitter)

answer

the experimenter

question

willingly participates in molestation with a male partner

answer

the male accompanied molester

question

who passively participates in molestation that is orchestrated by a (typically abusive) male partner

answer

the male coerced molester

question

has caregiving responsibilities for young children (cleaning, dressing) and who uses those responsibilities as justification for abuse

answer

the nurturer or caregiver

question

has some form of acute psychosis

answer

the psychologically disturbed molester

question

typically an adult in a position of authority and who views the sex as a consensual relationship between willing partners

answer

the teacher or lover

question

molests children for sexual gratification purposes (like male sex offender counterparts)

answer

the traditional offender

question

publishers and distributors of child pornography can be prosecuted for child abuse without requiring the prosecutors to prove that the material is obscene, thus avoiding arguments about First Amendment Rights.

answer

New York vs. Ferber

question

year that court ruled that it was a crime to advertise and promote child pornography online

answer

2008

question

where the abuse is frequent or long-lasting (e.g. penetration, force, threats, or violence) and where the abuser is a father figure (e.g. father, step-father, close neighbor, coach, priest, or minister)

answer

Biggest harm in long lasting negative effects

question

fraction of all victims of child sexual abuse show substantial recovery during the first 12 to 18 months

answer

2/3 (child molestation)

question

percentage of all abused female children that not only fail to improve over time but actually get worse (as adults they experience drug and alcohol abuse and suicide attempts)

answer

About 10%-24%

question

fraction of child victims that never inform their parents or another adult of the abuse

answer

~1/2 (child molestation)

question

percentage of all victims (sexual abused) report some amnesia

answer

50%

question

sexual activity between relatives who are too closely related to marry

answer

incest

question

he believed that close physical contact between two people during childhood naturally results in loss of sexual attraction

answer

Edward Westermarck Theory

question

he believed that most people actually prefer close kin as mating partners but interbreeding can lead to serious genetic defects in offspring

answer

Freud Theory (1913)

question

she believed that incest rules are not aimed at close family members but instead are directed are more distant kin to keep wealth and power within the family

answer

Nancy ThornHill proposal

question

theory that says the incest taboo exist not to prohibit marriage within the family, but is a rule obliging the mother, sister, or daughter to be given to others

answer

Levi-Strauss "Alliance Theory"

question

in these families, there are both multiple abusers and multiple victims both across generations and within the same generation

answer

polyincestous families

question

when sibling sexual activity occurs and the families are frequently found to be dysfunctional. like physical abuse and heavy use of alcohol

answer

brother-sister incest

question

percentage in which they experience childhood sibling incest

answer

~12%

question

percentage that accounts for parent-child incest cases

answer

10% (incest)

question

percentage that involves stepfather-daughter incest

answer

80%

question

fraction of mothers that do not protect their daughters from incest

answer

more than 2/3

question

rare; where the mother is the abuser

answer

mother-child incest

question

page 428

answer

"Effects of Incest on Children"

Chapter 15 Human Sexuality – Flashcards

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