Chapter 15: Consumerism and Complementary and Alternative Medicine – Flashcards
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Western medicine / conventional medicine
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Based on belief that disease is caused by identifiable physical factors Rather than mental or spiritual imbalances (identifies internal and external causes such as pathogens, genetic factors, and unhealthy lifestyles)
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Complementary medicine
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Practices used together with conventional modalities
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Alternative medicine
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Practices used instead of conventional modalities
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Integrative
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Conventional health practices sometimes augmented by CAM modalities
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Holistic health care
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CAM focuses on intergration of mind, body, and spirit in seeking ways to restore the whole person to harmony
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Placebo effect
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A beneficial effect in a patient following a particular treatment that arises from the patient's expectations concerning the treatment rather than from the treatment itself.
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Qi/Chi
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The life force, belief that free and harminous flow of the qi or chi produces health
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Be able to identify the characteristics that are typical of CAM therapies.
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1. Most practices based on the concept of life force or energy 2. Disease viewed as disturbance in life energies in the mind, body, and spirit 3. Treatments based on restoring balance, harmony, equilibrium 4. Belief that body has the ability to heal itself 5. The whole person is treated (physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual) 6. Multiple remedies and techniques often used 7. Each person is unique, so treatment is individualize
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Know several reasons why people might use CAM.
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1. Conventional treatments not successful 2. Seeking to improve health and well-being 3. Relieve symptoms of a chronic disease or illness 4. Seeking a more holistic approach to health 5. Most often used in the treatment of back pain
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What are the most commonly used CAM therapies?
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Nonvitamin, nonmineral, "natural" products; chiropractic care; deep breathing exercises; meditation; massage; and yoga
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Acupuncture
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Insertion of thin needles into the skin. Qi is believed to flow through the body along several meridians (pathways); acupuncture points located along those meridians
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Homeopathy
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1. Based on the premises of "like cures like" 2. Treatments involve the use of very diluted doses of remedies that would produce symptoms of those illness in larger doses (ex. Poison ivy used in a homeopathic form can be beneficial to some skin conditions that consist of itching and blistering
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Naturopathy
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1. Main principle that body has the ability to heal itself and maintain optimal health, especially through nutrition 2. Focus on cleansing and strengthening the body rather than on treating the symptoms of specific illness
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Mind body practices (examples?)
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Make use of the integral connection between mind and body 1. Meditation 2. Yoga 3. Qigong 4. Music and art therapy 5. Prayer 6. Visualization 7. Taijiquan/T'ai Chi 8. Biofeedback 9. Hypnotherapy
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Biologically-based practices / "Natural" products
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Used before conventional medicine. Consist primarily of: 1. Herbal therapies or remedies 2. Botanicals 3. Extracts from animal tissues 4. Dietary supplements
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Manipulative and body-based practices:
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Focus on body's structures and systems- bones, joints, muscles, soft tissues, & circulatory system
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Osteopathic medicine
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Considered a form of conventional medicine
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Massage therapy and bodywork
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Pressure aimed at increasing blood flow and inducing relaxation
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Chiropractic manipulation
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Primary treatment is manipulation of the spine and other joints (should always be done by a licensed chiropractor, physician, or PT)
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Energy therapies
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Forms of treatment that use energy originating either within the body (biofields) or from other sources (electromagnetic fields) 1. Qigong-channeling breathing with movement 2. Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies 3. Therapeutic touch; healing touch 4. Reiki
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What is the difference between the terms "complementary" and "alternative" when describing CAM?
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Complementary means that it is used along with conventional medicine while alternative means it is used in replacement of alternative medicine.
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What safety concerns exist for herbal and botanical products marketed as dietary supplements?
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1. No FDA regulation for dietary supplements 2. Potential interactions with other drugs 3. Contaminants
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What reasons would you give for being an even more critical consumer when considering the use of complementary or alternative therapies?
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The research is still in a very primitive state so it has not yet been determined whether these strategies are effective or not
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Familiarize yourself with the CAM Fact sheet from Nat'l Institute of Health (NIH) posted on Canvas.
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Posted online
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performing behaviors that promote health, prevent disease, and minimize reliance on the formal medical system. knowing your body, paying attention to its signals and taking appropriate actions to stop progression of illness or injury.
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self care
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apparent cure or improved state of health brought about by substance product, or procedure that has no generally recognized therapeutic value. patients often report physical improvements in a condition based on what they expect, desire, or were told would happen after receiving a treatment
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placebo effect
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Board-certified
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passed national board examination for specialty and has been certified and competent in that specialty
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board-eligible
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eligible to take specialty board exam but not passed
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fully informed about the treatment plan including risks and potential benefits and possible alternate forms of treatment including the option to refuse.
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right to informed consent
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if experimental- you have the legal and ethical right to know if any drug is being used for research purposes not FDA approved
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right to know if your treatment is standard or experimental
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includes source of payment and right to make personal decisions concerning all reproductive matters
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right to privacy
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if you go to the ER you will receive treatment to stabilize you regardless of payment ability. legal right to refuse treatment
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right to receive care
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the right that medical records remain confidential
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right to have access to all of your medical records
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complementary medicine
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used WITH conventional medicine
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alternative medicine
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used IN PLACE OF conventional medicine
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Elastic Medicine
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an approach of medicine that focuses on treating the mind and the whole body rather than just an isolated part of the body
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type of CAM category that is based on manipulation of one or more body parts
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manipulative and body-based practices
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type of CAM category that involves the use of energy fields, such as magnetic fields or biofields within the body
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energy medicine
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type of CAM category that uses substances found in nature
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natural products
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type of CAM category that uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind's ability to affect bodily function and symptoms. yoga, relaxation.
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mind-body medicine
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type of CAM category that is built upon complete systems of theory and practice. often, these systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the conventional medical approach used in the US.
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whole medical systems
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type of medical system that is built on specific systems of theory and practice. practiced by cultures around the world, centuries old practices, root of today's CAM theory
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alternative (whole) medical systems
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type of alternative medicine that employs an array of healing practices, includes diet and clinical nutrition in addiction to many other therapists
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naturopathy
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Qigong, Reiki, Therapeutic touch, acupuncture, acupressure
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energy medicine
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making smart and wise decisions about your medical care
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consumerism
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OTC's are commonly believed to be " " but indiscriminate use and abuse can occur. what else can occur?
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safe and effective, dependence can occur
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generic medication contain how many of the same ingredients as brand name drugs?
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same active ingredients
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FDA warned about liver damage with this supplement
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Kava
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this supplement increases the effects of alcohol and other drugs; causes drowsiness;
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Kava
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how many americans are uninsured
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50 million
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provide universal access to health insurance for more than 30m previously uninsured individuals
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patient protection and affordable care act "obamacare"
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if you or a loved one faces a health care chrisis, what are the 3 things you should do?
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1. know your right as a patient
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over-the-counter (OTC) medication
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a medication or product that can be purchased by the consumer without a prescription
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generic drug
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a drug that is not registered or protected by a commercial trademark; a drug that does not have an exclusive brand name
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complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
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health care practices and products that are not considered part of conventional, mainstream medical practice as taught in most U.S. medical schools and are not available at most U.S. health care facilities; examples of CAM practices include acupuncture and herbal remedies
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conventional medicine
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a system of medicine based on the application of the scientific method; diseases are thought to be caused by identifiable physical factors and characterized by a representative set of signs and symptoms; also called biomedicine or standard Western medicine
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complementary medicine
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unconventional medical practices that are used together with conventional ones
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alternative medicine
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unconventional medical practices that are used instead of conventional methods
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integrative medicine
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conventional health care practice that is sometimes augmented by unconventional (CAM) modalities
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pharmaceuticals
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medical drugs, both prescription and over-the-counter
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medical doctor
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an independent practitioner who holds a doctor of medicine degree (MD) from an accredited medical school
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doctor of osteopathic medicine
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an independent medical practitioner (DO) who as graduated from an osteopathic medical school; osteopathy incorporates the theories and practices of scientific medicine and includes osteopathic manual therapy
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podiatrist
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a practitioner who holds a doctor of podiatric medicine degree (DPM) and specializes in the medical and surgical care of the feet
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optometrist
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a practitioner who holds a doctor of optometry degree (OD) and is trained to examine the eyes, detect eye diseases, and prescribe corrective lenses
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dentist
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a practitioner who holds a doctor of medical dentistry (DMD) or doctor of dental surgery degree (DDS) and who specializes in the prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries of the teeth, mouth, and jaws
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allied health care providers
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health care professionals who typically provide services with the supervision or control of independent practitioners
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endoscopy
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a medial procedure in which a viewing instrument is inserted into a body cavity or opening
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false positive
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a test result that incorrectly detects a disorder or condition in a person who does not have the disorder or condition
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false negative
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a test result that fails to correctly detect a disease or condition
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elective surgery
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a nonemergency operation that the patient can choose to schedule
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outpatient
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a person receiving medical attention without being admitted to the hospital
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holistic health care
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practice that takes into account the whole person - body, mind, and spirit - when assessing, treating, and preventing illnesses and maintaining health
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traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
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the traditional medical system of China, which views illness as the result of a problem in the quality, quantity, or flow of qi, the life force; therapies include acupuncture and herbal medicine
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herbal remedy
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a medicine prepared from plants
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acupuncture
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insertion of thin needles through the skin at points along meridians - pathways through which qi is believed to flow
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homeopathy
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an alternative medical system that uses a holistic approach to diagnosis, and treatments that involve administering very small doses of remedies that would produce symptoms like those of the illness in larger doses
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naturopathy
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an alternative medical system based on supporting the body's ability to heal itself and maintain optimal health by removing barriers and creating a healing internal and external environment
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hypnotherapy
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the process by which a practitioner induces a state of relaxation in which the patient is more likely to achieve an agreed-upon health outcome; commonly used for managing pain, phobias, and addictions
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natural products
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CAM therapies that include biologically based interventions and products; examples include herbal remedies, extracts from animal tissues, and dietary supplements
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pharmacopoeia
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a collection of descriptions and formulas for drugs and medicinal preparations
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chiropractic
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a system of manual healing most frequently used to treat musculoskeletal problems; the primary treatment is manipulation of the spine and other joints
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energy therapies
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forms of CAM treatment that use energy fields originating either within the body or from outside sources to promote health and healing
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qigong
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a component of traditional Chinese medicine that combines movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing to enhance the flow of qi, improve blood circulation, and enhance immune function
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therapeutic touch
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a CAM practice based on the premise that healers can identify and correct energy imbalances by passing their hands over the patient's body
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Reiki
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a CAM practice intended to correct disturbances in the flow of life energy and enhance the body's healing powers through the use of various hand positions on the patient
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bioelectromagnetic-based therapies
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CAM therapies based on the notion that electromagnetic fields can be used to promote healing and manage pain
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managed care plan
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a health care program that integrates the financing and delivery of services by using designated providers and incentives for following the plan's policies; HMOs, PPOs, and POS plans are managed care plans
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health maintenance organization (HMO)
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a managed care plan that offers health care from designated providers
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preferred provider organization (PPO)
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a managed care plan in which providers agree to deliver services for discounted fees; patients can go to any provider, but using nonparticipating providers results in higher costs to the patient
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point-of-service (POS) plan
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a managed care plan that covers treatment by an HMO physician but permits patients to seek treatment elsewhere with a higher copayment
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Medicare
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a federal health insurance program for people 65 or older and for younger people with certain disabilities
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Medicaid
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a federally subsidized state-run plan of health care for people with low income
