Question 1

Psychological Disorder

Accepted Answer

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual\'s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. (a symptom collection)

Question 2

Medical Model

Accepted Answer

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital.

Question 3

Epigenetics

Accepted Answer

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.

Question 4

DSM-5

Accepted Answer

the American Psychiatric Association\'s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Question 5

Are psychological disorders universal, or are they culture-specific?

Accepted Answer

Some psychological disorders are culture-specific. For example, anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in North American cultures, and taijin-kyofusho appears largely in Japan. Other disorders, such as schizophrenia, are universal-occurring in all cultures.

Question 6

What is the biopsychosocial approach, and why is it important in our understanding of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences combine to produce psychological disorders. This broad perspective helps us understand that our well-being is affected by our genes, brain functioning, inner thoughts and feelings, and the influences of our social and cultural environmental.

Question 7

Insomnia Disorder

Accepted Answer

-Feeling unsatisfied with amount or quality of sleep (trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or returning to sleep). -Sleep disruption causes distress or diminished everyday functioning. -Happens three or more nights each week -Occurs during at least three consecutive months -Happens even with sufficient sleep opportunities -Independent from other sleep disorders (such as narcolepsy) -Independent from substance use or abuse  -Independent from other material disorders or medical condition

Question 8

What is the relationship between poverty and psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Poverty-related help trigger disorders, but disabling disorders can also contribute to poverty. Thus, poverty and disorders are often a chicken-and-egg situation: it\'s hard to know which came first.

Question 9

Anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.(It can lead to physical problems, such as high blood pressure.

Question 10

Three Anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

1. generalized anxiety disorder 2. panic disorders 3. phobias

Question 11

Generalized anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state or autonomic nervous system arousal. (may lead to physical problems, such as high blood pressure)

Question 12

Panic disorder

Accepted Answer

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

Question 13

Panic disorders symptoms

Accepted Answer

irregular heartbeat, chest pains, shortness of breath, choking, trembling, or dizziness may accompany the panic.

Question 14

Phobia

Accepted Answer

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity

Question 15

Unfocused tension, apprehension, and arousal are symptoms of

Accepted Answer

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 16

those who experience unpredictable periods of terror and intense dread, accompanied by frightening physical sensations, may be diagnosed with a

Accepted Answer

panic disorder

Question 17

if a person is focusing anxiety on specific feared objects or situations, that person may have a

Accepted Answer

phobia

Question 18

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Accepted Answer

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both.

Question 19

Obsessions (repetitive thoughts) are

Accepted Answer

concern with dirt, germs, and toxins something terrible happening (fire, death, and illness) symmetry, order, and exactness

Question 20

Compulsions (repetitive behaviors) are

Accepted Answer

Excessive hand washing, bathing, tooth brushing, or grooming repeating rituals Checking doors, locks, appliances, car breaks, and homework

Question 21

Those who express anxiety through unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions may have a

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 22

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Accepted Answer

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness or feeling, and insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Question 23

Those with symptoms of recurring memories and nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and insomnia for weeks after a traumatic event may be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 24

researchers believe that conditioning and cognitive processes contribute to anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. What biological factors also contribute to these disorders?

Accepted Answer

Biological factors include inherited temperament differences and other gene variations; learned fears that have altered brain pathways; and outdated, inherited responses that had survival value for our distant ancestors.

Question 25

Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational and maladaptive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a

Accepted Answer

Phobia

Question 26

An episode of intense dread, accompanied by trembling, dizziness, chest pains, or choking sensations and by feeling or terror, is called

Accepted Answer

a panic attack

Question 27

Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refuse to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive

Question 28

When a person with an anxiety disorder eases an anxiety by avoiding or escaping a situation that inspires fear, this is called

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement

Question 29

Major Depressive Disorder

Accepted Answer

a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

Question 30

diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder

Accepted Answer

-Depressed mood most of the time -Dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities  -Challenges regulating appetite and weight -challenges regulating sleep -Less energy/ feeling worthless

Question 31

Bipolar Disorder

Accepted Answer

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Manic-depressive disorder).

Question 32

Mania

Accepted Answer

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common.

Question 33

Rumination

Accepted Answer

compulsive frettings; overthinking about our problems and their causes.

Question 34

the \"gender gap\" in depression refers to the finding that ________________ risk of depression is nearly double that of __________.

Accepted Answer

Women\'s and men\'s

Question 35

Rates of bipolar disorder have risen dramatically in the twenty-first century, especially among

Accepted Answer

people 19 and under

Question 36

Treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the neurotransmitters ___________________________ and _______________________.

Accepted Answer

norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 37

Psychologist who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the

Accepted Answer

social-cognitive perspective.

Question 38

Schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

Question 39

Psychotic disorder

Accepted Answer

a group of psychological disorders marked by irrational ideas, disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and loss of contact with reality.

Question 40

Delusion

Accepted Answer

a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Question 41

Chronic Schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

process schizophrenia-a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

Question 42

Acute Schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

reactive schizophrenia- a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods.

Question 43

A person with schizophrenia who has ___________ symptoms may have an expressionless face and toneless voice. These symptoms are most common with ______________ schizophrenia and are not likely to respond to drug therapy. Those with ___________ symptoms are likely to experience delusions and to be diagnosed with ________ schizophrenia, which is much more likely to respond to drug therapy.

Accepted Answer

negative; chronic; positive; and acute.

Question 44

What factors contribute to the onset and development of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Biological factors include abnormalities in brain structure and function, prenatal exposure to a maternal virus, and a genetic predisposition to the disorder. However, a high-risk environment, with many environmental triggers, can crease the odds of developing schizophrenia.

Question 45

Dissociative Disorders

Accepted Answer

Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 46

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Accepted Answer

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Question 47

Personality Disorders

Accepted Answer

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Question 48

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Accepted Answer

a personality disorder in which a person (usually man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or clever con artist.

Question 49

Anorexia Nervosa

Accepted Answer

(adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied excessive exercise.  (They feel fat, fear being fat)

Question 50

Bulimia Nervosa

Accepted Answer

(usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting.

Question 51

Binge-Eating Disorder

Accepted Answer

distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa.

Question 52

A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience

Accepted Answer

Delusions

Question 53

People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, and example of a

Accepted Answer

Hallucination

Question 54

Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best when

Accepted Answer

Onset is sudden, in response to stress

Question 55

DID is controversial because

Accepted Answer

it is almost never reported outside North America

Question 56

A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized by

Accepted Answer

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Question 57

PET scans of murderers\' brains have revealed

Accepted Answer

lower-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes.

Question 58

Which of the statements are true about bulimia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges.

Chapter 14-Psychological Disorders – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards