Chapter 14: A New Industrial Age Boehm – Flashcards
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Edwin L Drake
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The first person to successfully use a steam engine to drill for oil.
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Bessemer Process
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The process of removing impurities from iron to make steel by blasting the melted iron with hot air.
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Thomas Alva Edison
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Perfected the first incondescent linght bulb.
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Christopher Sholes
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Invented the typewriter in 1867.
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Invented the telephone in 1876.
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Thomas Watson
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An assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone in 1876.
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transcontinental railroad
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Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US.
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George M. Pullman
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Invented sleeping cars for trains and built a town to house his workers.
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Pullman Strike
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Started by enraged workers who were part of George Pullman's "model town", it began when Pullman fired three workers on a committee. Pullman refused to negotiate and troops were brought in to ensure that trains would continue to run. When orders for Pullman cars slacked off, Pullman cut wages, but did not cut rents or store prices.
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Credit Mobiller
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A construction co. formed in 1864 by members of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it fraudulently to skim profits for themselves.
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Munn vs. Illinois
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In this case, the Supreme Court upheld the right of a state to regulate businesses of a public nature, such as railroads.
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Interstate Commerce Act
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Approved on February 4, 1887 the Interstate Commerce Act created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry. With this act the railroads became the first industry subject to Federal regulation.
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Andrew Carnegie
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Leader of steel industry, used vertical integration to form a monopoly on steel, by 1900 climbed to top of steel industry. "rags to riches" story. Philanthropist.
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vertical integration
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Process in which a company buys out its suppliers.
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horizontal integration
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Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition.
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social darwinism
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The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
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John D. Rockefeller
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US industrialist and founder of the Standard Oil Company, dominated the Oil industry, and was the first american business trust
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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Law passed in 1890 that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade.
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Samuel Gompers
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He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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A labor union formed by Samuel Gompers that pressed for higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions, and the right to bargain collectively with employers.
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Eugene V. Debs
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He was the president and the organizer of the American Railway Union. He organized the Pullman Strike and was jailed as a result.
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Mary Harris Jones
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Known for organizing the women's labor movement and pushing for child labor laws.
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Eugene V. Debs
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formed the American Railway Union
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Andrew Carnegie
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millionnaire tycoon who made his riches inthe steel industry
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monopoly
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a corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies
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monopoly
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a market in which one company has complete control over an industry's productions, quality, wages paid, and prices charged
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holding company
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a form of business which does not create anything itself; instead, it owns the stock of companies that do produce goods
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Munn v. Illinois
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1877 - The Supreme Court ruled that an Illinois law that put a ceiling on warehousing rates for grain was a constitutional exercise of the state's power to regulate business. It said that the Interstate Commerce Commission could regulate prices.
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promonotry point Utah
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the central pacific and the Union Pacific railroads met on Mya 10 1869 and golden spike marked the linking og the nation by the first transcontinental railroad
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George M Pullman
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his company produced standard railroad cars
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Credit mobile Construction company
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the stockholder of the Union Pacific Railroad used the Pullman comany to make huge unearned profit for themselves
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Oliver kelley
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founder of the farmer's political organization known as the Grange.
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What was the goal of the Interstate Commerce Act? A. to build new railroads B. to destroy the railroad industry C. to lower excessive railroad rates D. to increase the power of railroads
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A
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What made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s? A. cheap electric power B. fire safety standards C. the invention of the elevator D. new methods of making steel
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D
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In which of the following places did 146 female workers die in a fire? A. Haymarket Square B. the Pullman factory C. the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory D. Carnegie Steel's Homestead Plant
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C
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Why was Pullman, Illinois, an unusual town? A. it had one main industry B. it was specialized in a regional product C. it owed its prosperity to the railroads D. it was built by a company to house its workers
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D
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The Interstate Commerce Act gave the right to supervise railroad activities to A. the federal gov. B. railroad company officials C. farmers' groups, such as the Grange D. a select committee of wealthy industrialists
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A
