question

The two regions of the Americas that had the greatest concentrations of people in the decades before the arrival of the Europeans were

answer

Mesoamerica and the Andes.

question

What was the Tupac Amaru revolt of 1780-1781?

answer

Native revolt in Peru

question

As part of his reforms, Peter the Great founded this city to be Russia's "window on the West."

answer

Saint Petersburg

question

Which two empires established the border between their states through the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689?

answer

Russian and Chinese empires

question

How did Governor Bradford of the Plymouth colony react to the massive die-off of Native Americans during the seventeenth century?

answer

He saw it as the hand of God at work.

question

What is mercantilism?

answer

It is an economic policy which holds that a country's interests are best served by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects Russian consensus in the twenty-first century concerning their empire's identity?

answer

Russians even in the twenty-first century have not reached consensus on the empire's identity.

question

Which of the following statements is true of Ottoman relations with the Christian West?

answer

Western Christian artists and thinkers on occasion represented the Ottoman Empire in a positive light.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects Spain's economic relationship with its American colonies?

answer

Despite Spanish efforts, smuggling allowed Spanish colonists to exchange goods with Spain's rivals, undermining the economic benefits of the colonial empire.

question

What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?

answer

Political rivalries between European powers motivated rulers to establish rival empires in the Americas.

question

Which of the following statements best describes societies in the Americas following the Columbian exchange?

answer

Mixing of European, African, and Native American cultures created entirely new societies.

question

What was a significant factor that motivated Europeans to create their American empires?

answer

Impoverished nobles and commoners found opportunity for gaining wealth and status in the Americas.

question

In which major region of the Americas were Native Americans spared the impact of Eurasian diseases?

answer

No region was ultimately spared.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish colonial economy in the former lands of the Aztecs and the Incas?

answer

The economy was based on the twin pillars of mining and commercial agriculture.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberian societies?

answer

They came in such large numbers that they overwhelmed native populations, giving the region a Russian character.

question

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the slave plantation society in British North America as compared to Brazil?

answer

By the 1860s, nearly all slaves in the United States had been born in the New World.

question

Which of the following colonial regions saw significant migration of Europeans who wished to find a place to practice their religion without interference?

answer

British North America

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the process that built the Russian Empire?

answer

It was an extended process that took three centuries.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of the "great dying" on Native Americans in North America?

answer

It was equally devastating, leading to a similar collapse in the population.

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes Europe's global position in 1450?

answer

Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce.

question

What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands during the early modern period?

answer

Europeans were able to take advantage of divisions within and between local Native American societies.

question

Which of the following best describes Britain's initial approach to ruling over its North American settler colonies?

answer

It established joint stock companies and granted royal charters to wealthy individuals.

question

How did children born of unions between Russians and native Siberians fit into society during the early modern era?

answer

They were generally absorbed into the Russian population.

question

Which Mughal emperor tried to impose Islamic supremacy in the Mughal Empire?

answer

Aurangzeb

question

What geographic advantage did Europeans have in their effort to found empires in the Americas?

answer

The fixed winds of the Atlantic blew steadily in the same direction.

question

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of racism in the United States as compared to Brazil?

answer

Any African ancestry, no matter how small or distant, made a person "black" in British North America.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish settlers as a social group in the lands of the Aztecs and Incas during the seventeenth century?

answer

The group was unbalanced by gender, with few native Spanish women in the Americas.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the fate of native Siberians in the three centuries between 1500 and 1800?

answer

The Russian Empire reflected the final triumph of agrarian civilization over the hunting and pastoral societies of the region.

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the introduction of horses to the North American West?

answer

A male-dominated hunting and warrior culture displaced agricultural cultures in many areas.

question

Which of the following statements is a true comparison of how Siberian peoples and Native Americans experienced empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

answer

Both Native Americans and Siberian peoples experienced devastating epidemics of new diseases for which they had little immunity.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects Russian missionary efforts at conversion within its empire in comparison to similar efforts by Spanish authorities in Latin America?

answer

Russian authorities were more likely not to pursue conversion as intensely as their Spanish counterparts, if missionary activity threatened social stability.

question

Which of the following was an important impact that the Russian Empire had on Siberian pastoralists?

answer

They were pressured to abandon their nomadic lifestyles.

question

At what point did numbers of Native Americans begin to recuperate following the arrival of Eurasian diseases in the late fifteenth century?

answer

In most places, they had begun to recuperate their numbers by the late seventeenth century.

question

How did conquistadores who helped to carve out the Spanish Empire in the Americas describe their motivations for doing so?

answer

They went to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.

question

What distinguished the Russian Empire from those created by Western European powers in the Americas?

answer

Russia created its empire at the same time that the modern Russian state was taking shape, whereas the Spanish and British had already established themselves as distinct states before conquering their empires.

question

Which colony produced as many as forty separate groups to indicate different racial mixtures?

answer

Brazil

question

What similarity did the Russian Empire and those created by Western European powers in the Americas share?

answer

Both involved campaigns to convert the indigenous populations to Christianity.

question

Which of the following was an important outcome of Russia's substantial territorial conquests in the Baltic region, Poland, and the Ukraine during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

answer

It prompted an extensive program of Westernization.

question

For the mercantilist rulers of Europe, what did American colonies represent?

answer

Closed markets for manufactured goods

question

When did the empire constructed by Russia between 1500 and 1800 finally collapse?

answer

It collapsed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term benefits of the Atlantic network?

answer

It propelled Europe into an increasingly central and commanding role on the world stage.

question

Settler colonies of which European country developed self-government to the highest degree?

answer

Britain

Chapter 13: Political Transformations: Empires and Encounters, 1450-1750 – Flashcards

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