question

the development of pesticide-resistant insects

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most recent example of evolution and natural selection

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A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other characteristics

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natural selection

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evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics

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Which/ What mechanism for evolution was proposed by Lamarck

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Darwin sailed around Earth over a five-year period and gathered information that greatly influenced his thinking about evolution

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one of many statements about early ideas of evolution

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While on his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Darwin was strongly influenced by this book

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Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell

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scientists who study fossils

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paleontologists

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Which of the following is the study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth

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biogeography

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information about the evolutionary history of species

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The study of comparative anatomy provides

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embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resemble each other

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A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, where it was discovered that

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share a common ancestor

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Species with nucleotide sequences that match closely

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produce more offspring than their environment can support

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assumption of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, populations

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relies on variation among individuals in a population

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Natural selection relies

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The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time

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There is a group of small fish living in a lake with a sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. These fish are normally prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mottled appearance. What is the most accurate prediction?

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the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

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example of natural selection that has been seen in our lifetime

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that lizard horn length evolved as a defense mechanism against predators

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Evolutionary biologists studying the evolution of lizard horn length found __________

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an organism that is a common ancestor to all living organisms

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In 1859, Charles Darwin wrote, "The affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree... As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications." At the base of the evolutionary tree of all life is ______________

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All the genes in a population

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gene pool

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the role of chance

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Genetic drift is a process based on

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a mutation occurs

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When there is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene

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The ease with which humans travel across the globe

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gene flow is likely to increase because of

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metaphase I

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Homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up independently of other such pairs during

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nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

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Crossing over, resulting in an increase in genetic variation, occurs between

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2-3

answer

In human gamete production there is an average of _____ crossover events per chromosome pair

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Populations are the units of evolution

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According to current evolutionary theory, what is true?

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gene pool to a population

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The relationship of the genome to an organism is the same as

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the combined effect of several genes

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Many variable traits in a population result from

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sexual reproduction is the only process that affects the gene pool

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According to the Hardy-Weinberg formula, the frequencies of alleles in a population will remain constant if

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2pq

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In recessive lethal diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, carriers have one copy of the normal allele and one copy of the allele for the disease. Carriers are represented in the Hardy-Weinberg formula by

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a nonevolving population in genetic equilibrium

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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

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Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is

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microevolution

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Stabilizing selection

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Small lizards have difficulty defending their territory, but large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. What type of selection would act on body size in these lizards under these conditions?

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Disruptive selection

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In a species of snail, dark-shelled individuals are better hidden from bird predators in the shady forest, while light-shelled individuals are better hidden in well-lit brushy edge areas. If there were no areas of intermediate brightness in this habitat, what type of selection would act on shell color in these snails?

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the bottleneck effect

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The population of American bison used to number in the millions of animals. Hunting and other problems greatly decreased the number of bison to about 1,000 animals. But today, the numbers are recovering to estimates of more than 200,000 animals. This crash in the population of bison and recent recovery is an example of

question

the founder effect

answer

Imagine that a new population of humans is established on a new planet from ten randomly selected people in your biology class. Over thousands of years, the descendants of those ten people reproduce and prosper, but do not reflect well the diversity of humans on Earth. This change in the diversity of people on the new planet is an example of

question

gene flow

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reduced differences between populations is a consequence of

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contribution to the gene pool of the next generation

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an organism's Darwinian fitness is measured by its

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directional selection

answer

Blue poppies native to China are grown at a plant-breeding center in California, where those with the thickest leaves survive and reproduce best in the drier climate. This evolutionary adaptation of the poppies to their new environment is due to _____

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sexual dimorphism

answer

term used to define a secondary sexual characteristic in males, such as manes on lions or colorful plumage on peacocks

question

a recessive allele

answer

Sickle-cell disease is caused by

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