Question 1

process through which religion\'s influence on other social institutions diminishes.

Accepted Answer

Secularization

Question 2

The U.S. government maintains a policy of \"separation of church and state.\" The relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates

Accepted Answer

Secularization

Question 3

Which sociologist was perhaps the first sociologist to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies?

Accepted Answer

Ãmile Durkheim

Question 4

According to Ãmile Durkheim, religion is

Accepted Answer

based on a distinction between the sacred and the profane

Question 5

The concept of the sacred encompasses

Accepted Answer

elements beyond everyday life that inspire, awe, respect, and even fear

Question 6

Many cultures have shamans, or spiritual guides, who assist individuals on spiritual journeys to the \"underworld\" or some other non-earthly realm. These shamanic journeys would likely be considered part of

Accepted Answer

sacred

Question 7

The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as

Accepted Answer

profane

Question 8

According to your text, a table, an incense stick, and candelabra can all be considered

Accepted Answer

both sacred and profane

Question 9

Which is the single largest faith in the world?

Accepted Answer

Christianity

Question 10

Buddhism emerged in

Accepted Answer

eastern India

Question 11

When did the religion known as Buddhism first develop?

Accepted Answer

Sixth century

Question 12

Churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a

Accepted Answer

social support function

Question 13

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society?

Accepted Answer

Functionalist Perspective

Question 14

Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations are referred to as

Accepted Answer

dysfunctions of religion

Question 15

When is religion often called upon in the daily lives of individuals?

Accepted Answer

death of a loved one, something \"senseless\"occurs, serious injury or illness

Question 16

Max Weber examined

Accepted Answer

the connection between religious allegiance and capitalist development

Question 17

Which sociologist published a book in 1904 in which he noted that it was no mere coincidence that an overwhelming number of business leaders, owners of capital, and skilled workers were Protestants, not Catholics?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber

Question 18

A belief system which emphasizes a disciplined work ethic, this-worldy concerns and a rational orientation to life is called

Accepted Answer

The Protestant ethic

Question 19

What term did Max Weber use to refer to a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers?

Accepted Answer

The Protestant Ethic

Question 20

refers to the use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice.

Accepted Answer

Liberation theology

Question 21

Liberation theology was first advocated by

Accepted Answer

Gustavo GuitiÃ©rrez

Question 22

When a Catholic church in South America leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

liberation theology

Question 23

Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality?

Accepted Answer

Conflict perspective

Question 24

Which sociologist noted that religions often drug the masses into submission by offering a consolation for their harsh lives on earth and the hope of salvation in an ideal afterlife?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx

Question 25

Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as

Accepted Answer

Religious beliefes

Question 26

Members of a religious group think that God meant for people \"to be fruitful and multiply.\" Therefore, they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

Religious beliefes

Question 27

Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as

Accepted Answer

Religious rituals

Question 28

Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as

Accepted Answer

Fundamentalism

Question 29

On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a seder are examples of

Accepted Answer

religious rituals

Question 30

Facing east toward Mecca while saying one\'s morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a

Accepted Answer

religious rituals

Question 31

What is the term used to refer to the pilgrimage by Muslims to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia?

Accepted Answer

Hajj

Question 32

The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a

Accepted Answer

religious expereince

Question 33

A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a (an)

Accepted Answer

ecclesia

Question 34

large organized religion that is not officially linked to the state or government.

Accepted Answer

denomination

Question 35

relatively small religious group that has broken away from some oterh religious organization to renew what it considers the original vision of the the faith.

Accepted Answer

sect

Question 36

religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society.

Accepted Answer

established sect

Question 37

The great majority of Muslims in the United States are of which type?

Accepted Answer

Sunni

Question 38

A new religious movement or cult is

Accepted Answer

a generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.

Question 39

Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and the world is a (an)

Accepted Answer

manifest function of education

Question 40

Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society\'s history are all examples of

Accepted Answer

manifest functions of education

Question 41

Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements would be considered a

Accepted Answer

manifest function of education

Question 42

Teaching students to be on time, respect authority, and follow directions would be considered a

Accepted Answer

manifest function of education

Question 43

A college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups.

Accepted Answer

latent function of education

Question 44

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of education in human society?

Accepted Answer

Functionalist perspective

Question 45

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that the common identity and social integration fostered by education contributes to overall societal stability and consensus?

Accepted Answer

Functonalist perpsective

Question 46

In schools in the U.S., bilingualism has been defended on the grounds that it is a means to encourage

Accepted Answer

cultural diversity

Question 47

In the past, the promotion of a common language was one of the most obvious examples of the ___________of education in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

integrative function

Question 48

Critics of bilingualism in schools in the U.S. argue that bilingualism undermines the social and ____________that education has traditionally promoted.

Accepted Answer

political integration

Question 49

Teachers and guidance counselors may encourage male students to pursue careers in the sciences, but they steer equally talented female students into careers as early childhood teachers. Such socialization into traditional gender roles is considered a form of

Accepted Answer

social control

Question 50

Sex education classes, affirmative action admissions programs, and Project Head Start were initiated as

Accepted Answer

an \"agent of social change\"

Question 51

pointed out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to factual information. In addition, better-educated people tend to hold more diverse opinions, and better-educated people possess the ability to make subtle distinctions in analysis.

Accepted Answer

Robin Williams

Question 52

Which sociological perspective portrays contemporary education as basically benignâfor example, it argues that schools rationally sort and select students for future high-status positions, thereby meeting society\'s need for talented and expert personnel?

Accepted Answer

Functunalist perspective

Question 53

Which sociological perspective views education as an instrument of elite domination?

Accepted Answer

Conflict perspective

Question 54

The \"hidden curriculum\" refers to

Accepted Answer

standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.

Question 55

In the U.S., schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells. This learning experience is referred to as

Accepted Answer

hidden curriculum

Question 56

Japanese students are offered guidance sessions to improve the classroom experience and instill values useful in the Japanese business world. These sessions are an example of a

Accepted Answer

hidden curriculum

Question 57

In Cuba and China, students are taught how to cooperate and work together to achieve a common goal. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

hidden curriculum

Question 58

believed society must distribute its members among a variety of social positions and that education can contribute to this process.

Accepted Answer

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore

Question 59

Which sociological perspective is most critical of the differential way in which education bestows status?

Accepted Answer

Conflict perspective

Question 60

The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of their test scores and other criteria.

Accepted Answer

tracking

Question 61

argued that capitalism requires a skilled, disciplined labor force, and that the educational system of the United States is structured with that objective in mind

Accepted Answer

Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis

Question 62

The teacher-expectancy effect reflects the views of which sociological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Interactionalist perpsective

Question 63

studied both poor and affluent Chicago schools and noted administrators expected less of children from poorer neighborhoods?

Accepted Answer

Howard S. Becker

Question 64

Which researcher\'s work yielded the concept referred to as the \"teacher-expectancy effect?\"

Accepted Answer

Lenore Jacobson

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