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Therapeutic alliance

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Relationship between the therapist and the client.

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Psychological therapy

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Therapy based on psychological principles. - Insight therapy: focuses on helping people understand their problems and change their thoughts, motives, or feelings -Behavior therapy: Focuses on behavioral change.

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Biomedical therapy

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Treatment that focuses on altering the brain, especially with drugs, psycho-surgery, or electroconvulsive therapy. - Antidepresssants -tranquilizers -stimulants

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Paraprofessional

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Individual who has received on the job training in the mental treatment in the lieu of graduate education and full professional certification.

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Insight therapy

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Psychotherapy in which the therapist helps the patient/client understand (gain insight into) his or her probelem. i.e. Talk therapies -disordered thoughts -motives -emotions

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Analysis of Transference

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The Freudian technique of analyzing and interpreting the patient's relationship with the therapist, based on the assumption that this relationship mirrors unresolved conflicts in the patients past. Final phase of Freudian therapy.

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Psychoanalysis - Freudian Therapy

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The form of psycho dynamic therapy developed by Sigmund Freud. The goal of psychoanalysis is to release conflicts and memories from the unconscious. -Free association -Dream interpretation

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Free association

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The patient would relax and talk about anything that comes to mind while the therapist would listen.

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Neo-Freudian psychodynamic therapies

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Therapy for a mental disorder that was developed by psycho dynamic theorists who embraced some of Freud's ideas but disagree with others. Shifted to the emphasis to conscious motivation. The significance of the self or ego (rather than the id) The influence of experiences occurring throughout life (as opposed to Freud's emphasis on early childhood experience). The role of social needs and interpersonal relationships (rather than sexual or aggressive desires).

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Humanistic therapies

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Treatment technique based on the assumption that people have a tendency for positive growth and self-actualization, which may be blocked by an unhealthy environment that can include negative self-evaluation and criticism from others.

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Client-centered therapy

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A humanistic approach to treatment developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizing an individual's tendency for healthy psychological growth through self-actualization. Humanistic therapy.

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Reflection of Feeling

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Carl Rogers's technique of paraphrasing the clients' words, attempting to capture the emotional tone expressed. Client-centered therapy

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Cognitive therapy

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Emphasizes rational thinking (as opposed to subjective emotion, motivation, or repressed conflicts) as the key to treating mental disorder.

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Group therapy

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Any form of psychotherapy done with more than one client/patient at a time. Group therapy is often done from a humanistic perspective.

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Self-help support groups

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Groups, such as alcoholics anonymous, that provide social support and an opportunity for sharing ideas about dealing with common problems. Such groups are typically organized and run by laypersons, rather than professional therapists.

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Behavior modification

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Another term for behavior therapy.

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Behavior therapy

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Any form of psychotherapy based on the principles of behavioral learning, especially operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

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5 Insight Therapies

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Freudian Psychoanalysis Neo - Freudian therapies Humanistic Therapies Cognitive Therapies Group Therapies

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5 Behavior Therapies

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Systematic desensitization Aversion Therapy Contingency management Token economies Participant modeling

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Systematic desensitization

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A behavioral therapy technique in which anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety-provoking stimulus.

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Exposure Therapy

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A form of desensitization therapy in which the patient directly confronts the anxiety-provoking stimulus (as opposed to imagining the stimulus).

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Aversion therapy

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As a classical conditioning procedure, aversive counterconditioning involves presenting the individual with an attractive stimulus paired with unpleasant (aversive) stimulation to condition a repulsive reaction.

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Contingency Management

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An operant conditioning approach to changing behavior by altering the consequences, especially rewards and punishments, of behavior.

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Token Economy

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An operant technique applied to groups, such as classrooms or mental hospital wards, involving the distribution of "tokens" or other indicators of reinforcment contingent on desired behaviors. The tokens can later be exchanged for privileges, food, or other reinforcers.

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Participant modeling

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A social learning technique in which a therapist demonstrates and encourages a client to imitate a desired behavior.

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Cognitive-behvioral therapy

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A newer form of psychotherapy that combines the techniques of cognitive therapy with those of behavioral therapy.

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Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

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Albert Ellis's brand of cognitive therapy, based on the idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors are the cause of mental disorders.

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Positive psychotherapy (PPT)

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A relatively new form of cognitive-behavioral treatment that seeks to emphasize growth, health, and happiness.

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Active listener

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A person who gives the speaker feedback in such forms as nodding, paraphrasing, maintaining an expression that shows interest, and asking questions for clarification.

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Antipsychotics

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Medicines that diminish psychotic symptoms, usually by effects on the dopamine pathways in the brain.

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Tardive dyskinesia

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An incurable disorder of motor control, especially involving muscles of the face and head, resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.

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Antidepressants

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Medicines that treat depression, usually by their effects on the serotonin and/or norepinephrine pathways in the brain.

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Antianxiety drugs

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a category of medicines that includes the barbiturates and benzodiazepines, drugs that diminish feelings of anxiety.

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Stimulants

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Drugs that normally increase activity level by encouraging communication among neurons in the brain. Stimulants, however, have been found to suppress activity level in persons with attention deficit/ hyperactive disorder.

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Psychosurgery

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The general term for surgical intervention in the brain to treat psychological disorders.

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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A treatment used primarily for depression and involving the application of an electric current to the head, producing a generalized seizure; sometimes called "shock treatment."

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

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A treatment that involves magnetic stimulation of specific regions of the brain. Unlike ECT, TMS does not produce a seizure.

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Deinstitutionalization

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The policy of removing patients, whenever possibles, from mental hospitals.

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Community mental health movement

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An effort to deinstitutionalize mental patients and to provide therapy from outpatient clinics. Proponents of community mental health envisioned that recovering patients could live with their families, in foster homes, or in group homes.

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Combination therapy

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A therapeutic approach that involves both psychological and medical techniques - most often a drug therapy with a behavioral or cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Chapter 12: Therapies – Flashcards

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