Chapter 12: The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century – Flashcards
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Which of the following was an agricultural village society in the fifteenth century?
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1.) Igbo 2.) Iroquois ???
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What was the purpose of Zheng He's expeditions?
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They were intended to establish Chinese prestige in the Indian Ocean and to control foreign trade.
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Who was the founder of a Sufi religious order from which emerged the leadership of the Safavid Empire?
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Safi al-Din
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What society made the Triple Alliance in 1428?
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Aztec
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What major Islamic empire incorporated both Hindus and Muslims?
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Mughal Empire
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Which of the following groups grew in prominence and importance during the Industrial Revolution?
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Bankers
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The Fulbe shaped the history of Islam in West Africa through
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a series of religiously based uprisings that greatly expanded its practice.
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In the fifteenth century, which of the following separated civilizations from foraging, farming, and herding societies?
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They were far larger and more densely populated than their counterparts.
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Where was the Safavid Empire located?
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Persia
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The Inca sought to integrate their vast domain in which of the following ways?
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By removing the sons of local rulers to the capital in Cuzco
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What major Islamic empire incorporated substantial numbers of both Christians and Muslims?
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Ottoman Empire
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Which of the following was a feature of the modern era in the centuries after 1500?
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1.) Global contact between peoples 2.) The emergence of modern, technological, and industrial societies 3.) The growing prominence of Europeans in world history
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What was a distinctive feature of the Fulbe in West Africa?
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The Fulbe lived in small communities among agricultural peoples.
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Renaissance thinkers and artists were most interested in
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describing the world as it was and capturing the unique qualities of particular individuals.
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In the Songhay Empire, Islam mostly appealed to
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urban elites.
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How did Aztec religious thinking support the empire?
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The need for prisoners of war to sacrifice provided an important motivation for aggressive wars of expansion.
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Which of the following pairs of societies shared a common religion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
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-English and Russian =Tibetan and Japanese =Turkish and Arabic
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Which development is associated with the arrival of maize- and bean-based agriculture in central New York around 1300 c.e.?
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Emergence of larger settlements and distinct peoples
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The Hundred Years' War between England and France (1337-1453) was comparable to which conflict in Ming China during the fifteenth century?
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None of these; Ming China was internally unified, unlike Europe.
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From where did the Songhay Empire derive much of its revenue?
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Taxes from the trade that took place in its empire
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Which of the following is true of life in the Pacific during the fifteenth century?
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Inhabitants of Tonga, Samoa, and Fiji intermarried and exchanged a range of goods.
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Like the Songhay Empire, the Mughal Empire
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governed largely non-Muslim populations.
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Which of the following was a feature of China's policy during the early Ming dynasty of looking to its past as it sought to renew?
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Promoting orthodox gender roles based on early models
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By converting to Islam and imposing Islamic law some Hindu and Buddhist rulers on the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia sought to
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attract Muslim merchants to their ports.
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Which of the following was a distinguishing feature of the Safavid Empire?
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It imposed a Shia version of Islam as the official religion of the state.
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Which country's explorers were the first to reach Asia by sailing around the tip of South Africa?
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Portugal
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Which author wrote The Prince, a political treatise that analyzes how to gain success in the cut-throat world of the Renaissance.
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Niccolò Machiavelli
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What was the most notable change in the political realm of the Islamic world in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries?
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Four major Islamic states or empires emerged.
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Why is Timur important to world history?
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Timur was a great conqueror who devastated much of Asia in the period around 1400.
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Which of the four great Islamic empires of the sixteenth century was founded by non-Turkic peoples?
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Songhay Empire
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Which of the following statements reflects the Christian experience of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
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Substantial populations of Christians in the Balkans were subjects of the Ottoman Empire.
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In terms of maritime exploration, compared to China, Western Europeans
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had a greater religious motivation for overseas expansion.
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What is a striking similarity between China and Western Europe during the fifteenth century?
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The power and authority of states increased in both China and Western Europe.
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Periodic military conflict between the Ottoman and Safavid empires was driven by territorial disputes and
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religious differences.
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Why did the Europeans continue maritime exploration when the Chinese deliberately abandoned it?
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Europe's elites had a greater interest in overseas expansion.
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Which of the following is a political difference between Western Europe and China in the fifteenth century?
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Western Europe possessed a far more fragmented system of government than China.
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Which of the following was a distinguishing feature of the Songhay Empire?
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It was a substantial Islamic state on the African frontier of an expanding Islamic world.
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The capital of Timur's expansive empire was
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Samarkand
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Which of the following was a factor that contributed to Europe's maritime expansion?
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Europeans were interested in converting large numbers of people to Christianity.
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In the Aztec world, pochteca were
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In the Aztec world, pochteca were
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Which Aztec patron deity was identified with the sun?
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Huitzilopochtli
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Which of the following was a feature of the "gender parallelism" in the Aztec and Inca empires?
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Parallel male and female political officials at the local level exercised authority over members of their own gender.
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The Iroquois League of Five Nations had the authority to
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coordinate their people's relationship with outsiders.
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Which of the following was a distinguishing characteristic of trade in the Aztec Empire?
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Virtually every settlement, from the capital to smallest village, had a marketplace where trade took place.
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The Igbo were able to maintain their stateless society in part because
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Igbo identity became associated with the rejection of kings.
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Which of the following distinguishes gatherering and hunting societies from agricultural societies in the fifteenth century?
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Gathering and hunting societies dominated both Australia and the arctic coastlands.
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Why were northwest North Americans like the Chinookan able to create "complex" or "affluent" gathering and hunting cultures?
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They had an extraordinarily rich environment, well stocked with fish and animals.
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Which of the following is a political difference between Western Europe and China in the fifteenth century?
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Western Europe possessed a far more fragmented system of government than China.
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In what way were the Chinookan people of northwestern North America similar to Australians?
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Both lived by gathering and hunting.
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Among the greatest achievements of the Ming dynasty was
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the revival of both the Chinese government and economy following plague and Mongol rule.
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Which of the following is a difference between the cultural revivals in China and Western Europe during the fifteenth century?
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China drew less on Islamic artistic traditions compared to their Western European counterparts.
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Who were the Mexica?
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A semi-nomadic group from northern Mexico who established themselves in the region of Lake Texcoco by the 1300s
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Which of the following was an impact of the growing prominence of Europeans after 1500?
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The dramatic spread of the Christian faith to new regions of the world
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The capital of Timur's expansive empire was
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Samarkand
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What was a distinguishing feature of civilizations in Mesoamerica and the Andes during the fifteenth century as compared to their predecessors?
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They were larger, more politically unified civilizations.
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Which of the following types of society impinged most dramatically on civilizations?
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Nomadic pastoralists
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What form of government did the Five Nations of Iroquois-speaking peoples of the fifteenth century have?
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A loose confederation regulated by a council of clan leaders
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What did the Inca use a quipu for?
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Accounting device
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Why did the Silk Road contract during the fifteenth century?
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The rise of the Ottoman Empire blocked direct commercial contact between Europe and China.
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The agricultural civilizations of West Africa were characterized by what kind(s) of government?
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A mix of stateless societies and more highly centralized kingdoms
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In what way did the Inca and Aztec empires differ substantially from each other?
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The Aztec Empire was much smaller than the Inca Empire.
