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In Federalist paper No. 78, Alexander Hamilton described the Supreme Court as

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\"least dangerous\" to political rights.

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The Supreme Court's primary weapon in the government's system of checks and balances is known as

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judicial review

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When judges believe that they must confirm themselves to applying rules stated in or clearly implied by the language of the Constitution, they are following the __________ approach.

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judicial restraint

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How many chief justices have there been?

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9?

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The current chief justice of the Supreme Court is

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John G. Roberts Jr.

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Between 1789 and the Civil War, the Supreme Court was primarily occupied with the issues of

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slavery and national supremacy

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In __________ the Supreme Court for the first time, in a decision authored by Chief Justice John Marshall, held that the Court could declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

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marbury v madison

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The principle that the Supreme Court used in overturning Fulton's monopoly on a New York steamboat operation was that

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state law cannot prevail over federal law

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After 1936, the Supreme Court stopped

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imposing regulations on the power of the government to regulate the economy. In its previous rulings in this area, the Court found itself

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Franklin Roosevelt's court-packing plan would have allowed him to name a new justice

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for every sitting justice older than age seventy

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The Supreme Court entered its most active period with the arrival of Chief Justice

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Warren

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On the issue of state sovereignty, the text states that since around 1992, the Supreme Court has

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begun to restore the view that states have the right to resist some forms of federal action.

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When Congress passed a law that forbade anyone from carrying a gun near a school, the Supreme Court declared the law invalid because such behavior

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did not affect inerstate commerce

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What does the U.S. Constitution have to say about the size of the Supreme Court?

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it does not indicate how large the court should be

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There are 94 __________ in the federal judiciary.

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district courts

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One basic difference between a constitutional court and a legislative court is that

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constitutional court judges can NOT be fired

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There are thirteen __________ in the federal judiciary.

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courts of appeal

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The Court of International Trade is a specialized

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jurisdiction

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The Court of Military Appeals is an example of a

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legislative court

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The behavior of Justices Holmes, Burger, and Blackmun suggests that

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presidents can sometimes be mistaken in their prediction about the actions of their judicial appointees.

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The authors suggest the chief motive for using the litmus test involves a judicial nominee's views on

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abortion

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The dual court system of the United States refers to __________ and __________ courts.

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federal:states

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A diversity case is one involving If California and Arizona sue each other over water usage from the Colorado River, the case can be heard only

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citizens of different states

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If California and Arizona sue each other over water usage from the Colorado River, the case can be heard only

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by the supreme court

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The litigation involving four police officers accused of beating Rodney King illustrates the fact that

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Some defendants are tried in both state and federal courts

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Certiorari is a Latin word meaning, roughly,

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made more certain

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The Supreme Court will grant cert and hear a case if at least __________ justices agree to do so.

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four

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One unintended consequence of the Supreme Court's heavy caseload is an increase in the influence wielded by

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law clerks

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Fee shifting is the practice of

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getting the loser to pay court costs

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__________ is a legal concept that refers to who is entitled to bring a case.

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sovereign immunity

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Courts do not issue _________ opinions.

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advisory

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Under the doctrine of sovereign immunity, a citizen cannot

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sue the government without its consent

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In 1974, the Supreme Court held that it would no longer hear class-action suits seeking monetary damages

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unless the case is either defined by Congress or if every member of the class was individually notified of the case.

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In most cases presented to the Supreme Court, the bulk of the argumentation presented by either side will be found in the

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brief

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During oral arguments, Supreme Court justices will often

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ask questions to lawyers, as they have already reviewed the case.

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The function of the U.S. solicitor general is to

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approve every case the federal government presents to the Supreme Court

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\"Amicus curiae\" is usually translated as

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friend of the court

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A chief justice is able to exercise his/her influence most effectively by

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guiding the debate.

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Suppose Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg votes with a majority of Supreme Court justices on a particular case, even though her reasoning differs from the others. She may choose to express her reasons in a(n)

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concurring opinion

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As a result of two clear blocs of liberal and conservative justices, __________ often casts a \"swing vote\" on the Supreme Court.

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Kennedy

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\"Stare decisis\" is usually translated as

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let the decision stand

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Which amendment was passed so a citizen could not sue a state in federal court?

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11th

Chapter 12 Federal Government Review

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