Chapter 12 Federal Government Review
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The current chief justice of the Supreme Court is
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John G. Roberts Jr.
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Between 1789 and the Civil War, the Supreme Court was primarily occupied with the issues of
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slavery and national supremacy
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In __________ the Supreme Court for the first time, in a decision authored by Chief Justice John Marshall, held that the Court could declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
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marbury v madison
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The principle that the Supreme Court used in overturning Fulton's monopoly on a New York steamboat operation was that
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state law cannot prevail over federal law
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After 1936, the Supreme Court stopped
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imposing regulations on the power of the government to regulate the economy. In its previous rulings in this area, the Court found itself
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Franklin Roosevelt's court-packing plan would have allowed him to name a new justice
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for every sitting justice older than age seventy
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The Supreme Court entered its most active period with the arrival of Chief Justice
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Warren
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On the issue of state sovereignty, the text states that since around 1992, the Supreme Court has
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begun to restore the view that states have the right to resist some forms of federal action.
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When Congress passed a law that forbade anyone from carrying a gun near a school, the Supreme Court declared the law invalid because such behavior
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did not affect inerstate commerce
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What does the U.S. Constitution have to say about the size of the Supreme Court?
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it does not indicate how large the court should be
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There are 94 __________ in the federal judiciary.
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district courts
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One basic difference between a constitutional court and a legislative court is that
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constitutional court judges can NOT be fired
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There are thirteen __________ in the federal judiciary.
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courts of appeal
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The Court of International Trade is a specialized
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jurisdiction
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The Court of Military Appeals is an example of a
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legislative court
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The behavior of Justices Holmes, Burger, and Blackmun suggests that
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presidents can sometimes be mistaken in their prediction about the actions of their judicial appointees.
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The authors suggest the chief motive for using the litmus test involves a judicial nominee's views on
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abortion
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The dual court system of the United States refers to __________ and __________ courts.
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federal:states
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A diversity case is one involving If California and Arizona sue each other over water usage from the Colorado River, the case can be heard only
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citizens of different states
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If California and Arizona sue each other over water usage from the Colorado River, the case can be heard only
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by the supreme court
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The litigation involving four police officers accused of beating Rodney King illustrates the fact that
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Some defendants are tried in both state and federal courts
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Certiorari is a Latin word meaning, roughly,
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made more certain
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The Supreme Court will grant cert and hear a case if at least __________ justices agree to do so.
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four
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One unintended consequence of the Supreme Court's heavy caseload is an increase in the influence wielded by
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law clerks
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Fee shifting is the practice of
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getting the loser to pay court costs
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__________ is a legal concept that refers to who is entitled to bring a case.
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sovereign immunity
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Courts do not issue _________ opinions.
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advisory
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Under the doctrine of sovereign immunity, a citizen cannot
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sue the government without its consent
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In 1974, the Supreme Court held that it would no longer hear class-action suits seeking monetary damages
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unless the case is either defined by Congress or if every member of the class was individually notified of the case.
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In most cases presented to the Supreme Court, the bulk of the argumentation presented by either side will be found in the
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brief
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During oral arguments, Supreme Court justices will often
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ask questions to lawyers, as they have already reviewed the case.
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The function of the U.S. solicitor general is to
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approve every case the federal government presents to the Supreme Court
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\"Amicus curiae\" is usually translated as
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friend of the court
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A chief justice is able to exercise his/her influence most effectively by
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guiding the debate.
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Suppose Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg votes with a majority of Supreme Court justices on a particular case, even though her reasoning differs from the others. She may choose to express her reasons in a(n)
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concurring opinion
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As a result of two clear blocs of liberal and conservative justices, __________ often casts a \"swing vote\" on the Supreme Court.
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Kennedy
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\"Stare decisis\" is usually translated as
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let the decision stand
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Which amendment was passed so a citizen could not sue a state in federal court?
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11th
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