Flashcards on Chapter 12
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| unsaturated compounds contain places where |
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| more hydrogen can be added |
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| halogen substituents get treated the same as |
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| alkyl groups |
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| unsaturated means |
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| that you can add hydrogen |
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| compounds with double bonds suffix |
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| -ene |
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| suffix for compounds with triple bonds |
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| -ynes |
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| alkenes...cis or trans isomers possible |
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| no |
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| alkenes: noncyclic isomers possible? |
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| no (no linear isomers possible) |
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| When naming alkenes, name the longest continual chain the contains the |
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| double bond (functional group) |
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| number the chain so that the double bond has the |
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| lowest possible number |
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| more than one double bond called |
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| -diene, -triene, etc |
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| the central carbons in a double bond have a bond angle of |
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| 120 degrees |
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| and the geometry of a double bond is |
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| triagonal planar |
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| the carbons in the alkene are |
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| hybridized sp2 |
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| the sp2 hybridized carbons form (blank) bonds |
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| single |
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| what forms the double bond? |
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| remaining p orbital |
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| sigma bonds are |
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| single bonds |
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| pi bonds |
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| second bond of the double bond |
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| is the double bond rigid |
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| yes |
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| is rotation possible around a double bond? |
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| no |
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| because double bonds are possible |
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| cis/trans isomers (stereoisomers) |
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| do all alkenes have stereoisomers? |
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| no |
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| which hydrogens do you look at when deciding if its cis or trans? |
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| the hydrogens on the double bond |
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| are alkenes polar |
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| no (nonpolar) |
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| are alkenes soluble in water? |
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| no |
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| are alkenes soluble in non-polar solvents? |
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| yes |
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| molecules with four or less carbons are what state? |
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| state |
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| molecules with four to seventeen carbons are what state |
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| liquid |
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| more than 17 carbons what state? |
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| solid |
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| are alkenes more or less dense than water? |
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| less dense |
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| type of intermolecular forces effect what physical properties? |
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| melting point and boiling point |
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| is the connectivity the same in geometric isomers? |
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| yes |
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| alkenes undergo what kind of reactions? |
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| addition |
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| addition reactions |
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| two compounds are added together to form one new compound |
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| in addition reactions, what happens to the double bond? |
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| it disappears |
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| addition of hydrogen is called |
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| hydrogenation |
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| the product of halogenation is a |
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| haloalkane (alkyl halide) |
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| When naming halides have the same priority as (blank) groups |
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| alkyl |
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| what is used in the lab to test for functional groups? |
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| bromine |
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| in the lab, what happens to a solution that has an alkene or alkyne present when bromine is added? |
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| the bromine quickly disappears |
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| hydrohaligenation |
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| reactions with hydrogen halides |
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| hydrohalogenation works well with |
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| HCl, HF, HBr, HI |
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| in hydrohalogenation the hydrogen adds to the carbon which... |
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| already has the most hydrogens (markovnikovs rule) |
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| hydration must have what present? |
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| sulfuric acid as a catalyst |
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| what type of reaction is hydration? |
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| equilibrium |
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| polymer |
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| very large molecule jmade up of repeating units |
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| monomers |
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| starting materials |
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| copolymer |
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| addition product made of two or more monomers |
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| Polymers shave how many dimensions? |
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| two or three |
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| addition polymeration |
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| addition reaction between double bonded compounds |
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| reaction mechanisms |
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| the steps responsible for a reaction |
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| the reaction mechanism for hydration is similar to |
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| hydrohalogenation |
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| hydration reaction step one |
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| addtion of hydrogen |
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| hydration step 2 |
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| water adds to the carbocation |
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| hydration step 3 |
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| a hydrogen ion regenerated |
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| alkynes |
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| compounds with triple bonds |
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| ethyne common name |
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| acetylene |
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| alkynes are the named the same way as |
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| alkenes |
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| are cis/trans possible for alkynes |
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| no |
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| alkynes have a (blank) hybridization |
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| sp |
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| aromatics are much less reactive than other compounds that contain |
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| double or triple bonds |
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| what kind of reactions do aromatics undergo when they do react? |
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| substitution reactions |
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| polycyclic aromatic compounds are often |
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| carcinogenic |
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| why are polycyclic aromatic compounds carcinogens? |
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| they intercalate into dna and cause mutations |
