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moral code

answer

a set of rules that establishes the boundaries of generally accepted behavior within a society

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morality

answer

social conventions about right and wrong that are widely shared throughout a society

question

morals

answer

one's personal beliefs about right and wrong

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corporate ethics officer aka corporate compliance officer

answer

a senior-level manager who provides an organization with vision and leadership in the area of business conduct

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code of ethics

answer

a statement that highlights an organization's key ethical issues and identifies the overarching values and principles that are important to the organization and its decisions making

question

common good approach

answer

an approach to ethical decision making based on a vision of society as a community whose members work together to achieve a common set of values and goals

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ethics

answer

a set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior within a society

question

fairness approach

answer

an approach to ethical decision making that focuses on how fairly actions and policies distribute benefits and burdens among people affected by the decision

question

integrity

answer

adherence to a personal code of principles

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law

answer

a system of rules that tells us what we can and cannot do; enforced by a set of institutions

question

software piracy

answer

the act of illegally making copies of software or enabling others to access software or enabling others to access software to which they are not entitled

question

stakeholder

answer

someone who stands to gain or lose depending on how a situation is resolved

question

social audit

answer

a process whereby an organization reviews how well it is meeting its ethical and social responsibility goals, and communicates its new goals for the upcoming year

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act

answer

a bill whose goal was to renew investors' trust in corporate executives and their firms' financial reports; the act led to significant reforms in the content and preparation of disclosure documents by public companies

question

problem statement

answer

a clear, concise description of the issue that needs to be addressed in a decision-making process

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utilitarian approach

answer

an approach to ethical decision making that states that you should choose the action or policy that has the best overall consequences for all people who are directly or indirectly affected

question

vice

answer

a moral habit that inclines people to do what is generally unacceptable to society

question

virtue

answer

a moral habit that inclines people to do what is generally acceptable to society

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virtue ethics approach

answer

an approach to ethical decision making that focuses on how you should behave and think about relationships if you are concerned with your daily life in a community

question

audit committee

answer

a subgroup of the board of directors that provides assistance to the board in fulfilling its responsibilities with respect to the oversight of the quality and integrity of the organization's accounting and reporting practices and controls including: financial statements and reports; the organization's compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; the qualifications, the independence, and performance of the company's independent auditor; and the performance of the Company's internal audit function

question

body of knowledge

answer

an agreed-upon set of skills and abilities that all licensed professionals in a particular type of profession must possess

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breach of contract

answer

the failure of one party to meet the terms of a contract

question

breach of duty of care

answer

the failure to act as a reasonable person would act

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bribery

answer

the act of providing money, property, or favors to someone in business or government to obtain a business advantage

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Business software Alliance (BSA)

answer

trade group that represents the world's largest software and hardware manufacturers; its mission is to stop the unauthorized copying of software produced by its members

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certification

answer

a recognition that a professional possesses a particular set of skills, knowledge, or abilities- in the opinion of certifying organization

question

commoditization

answer

the transformation of goods or services into commodities that offer nothing to differentiate themselves from those offered by competitors. Commoditized goods and services are sold strictly on the basis of price

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compliance

answer

to be in accordance with established policies, guidelines, specifications, or legislation

question

conflict of interest

answer

a conflict between a person's (or firm's) self-interest and the interests of a client

question

duty of care

answer

the obligation to protect people against any unreasonable harm or risk

question

firewall

answer

a hardware or software device that serves as a barrier between an organization's network and the internet; a firewall also limits access to the company's network based on the organization's Internet usage policy

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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)

answer

a federal law that makes it a crime to bribe a foreign official, a foreign political party official, or a candidate for foreign political office

question

fraud

answer

the crime of obtaining goods, services, or property through deception or trickery

question

globalization

answer

the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations

question

government license

answer

a government-issued permission to engage in an activity or to operate a business; it is generally administered at the state level and often requires that the recipient pass a test of some kind

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IT user

answer

a person for whom a hardware or software product is designed

question

material breach of contract

answer

the failure of one party to perform certain express or implied obligations, which impairs or destroys the essence of the contract

question

misrepresentation

answer

the misstatement or incomplete statement of a material fact

question

modularization

answer

the act of breaking down a production or business process into smaller components

question

negligence

answer

the failure to do what a reasonable person would do, or doing something that a reasonable person would not do

question

profession

answer

a calling that requires specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation

question

professional code of ethics

answer

a statement of the principles and core values that are essential to the work of a particular occupational group

question

professional malpractice

answer

breach of the duty of care by a professional

question

reasonable person standard

answer

a legal standard that defines how an objective, careful, and conscientious person would have acted in the same circumstances

question

reasonable professional standard

answer

a legal standard that defendants who have particular expertise or competence are measured against

question

resume inflation

answer

falsely claiming competence in a skill, usually because that skill is in high demand

question

trade secret

answer

information, generally unknown to the public, that a company has taken strong measures to keep confidential. it represents something of economic value that has required effort or cost to develop and that some degree of uniqueness or novelty

question

transparency

answer

any attempt to reveal and clarify any information or processes that were previously hidden or unclear

question

whistle- blowing

answer

an effort to attract public attention to negligent, illegal, unethical, abusive, or dangerous act by a company or some other organization

question

reasonable assurance

answer

a concept in computer security that recognizes that managers must use their judgment to ensure that the cost of control does not exceed the systems's benefits or the risks involved

question

risk assessment

answer

the process of assessing security-related risks from both internal and external threats to an organization's computers and networks

question

rootkit

answer

a set of programs that enables its user to gain administrator level access to a computer without the end user's consent or knowledge

question

script kiddie

answer

a technically inept hacker. (see lamer definition)

question

security audit

answer

a process that evaluates whether an organization has a well-considered security policy in place and if it is being followed

question

security policy

answer

a written statement that defines an organization's security requirements, as well as the controls and sanctions needed to meet those requirements

question

smart cards

answer

a form of debit or credit card that contains a memory chip that is updated with encrypted data every time the card is used

question

smishing

answer

a variation of phishing in which victims receive a legit-looking SMS text message on their phone telling them to call a specific phone number or to log on a Web site

question

spear-phishing

answer

a variation of phishing in which the phisher sends fraudulent emails to a certain organization's employees. the phony emails are designed to look like they came from high-level executives within the organization

question

trojan horse

answer

a program in which malicious code is hidden inside a seemingly harmless program

question

trustworthy computing

answer

a method of computing that delivers secure, private, and reliable computing experiences based on sound business practices

question

virtual private network (VPN)

answer

a technology that uses the Internet to relay communications, maintaining privacy through security procedures and tunneling protocols, which encrypt data at the sending end and decrypt it at the receiving end

question

virtualization software

answer

a software program that emulates computer hardware by enabling multiple operating systems to run on one computer host

question

virus

answer

a piece of programming code, usually disguised as something else, that causes a computer to behave in an unexpected and usually undesirable manner

question

virus signature

answer

a specific sequence of bytes that indicates to a antivirus software that a specific virus is present

question

vishing

answer

a variation of phishing in which victims receive a voicemail telling them to call a specific phone number or log on to access a specific Web site

question

worm

answer

a harmful program that resides in the active memory of a computer and duplicates itself

question

zero-day attack

answer

an attack that takes place before the security community or software developer knows about the vulnerability or has been able to repair it

question

zombie

answer

a computer that is part of a botnet and that is controlled by a hacker without the knowledge or consent of its owner

question

antivirus software

answer

software that regularly scans a computer's memory and disk drives for viruses

question

botnet

answer

a large group of computers controlled from one or more remote locations by hackers, without the knowledge or consent of their owner

question

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turning Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart)

answer

software that generates and grades tests that humans can pass but all but the most sophisticated computer programs cannot

question

cloud computing

answer

an environment in which software and data storage are services provided via the Internet (the cloud); the services are run on another organization's computer hardware and are accessed by a Web browser

question

collusion

answer

cooperation between two or more people, often an employee and a company outsider, to commit fraud

question

competitive intelligence

answer

legally obtained information gathered using sources available to the public; used to help a company gain an advantage over its rivals

question

computer forensics

answer

a discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to identify, collect, examine, and preserve data from computer systems, networks, and storage devices in a manner that preserves the integrity of the data gathered so it is admissible as evidence in a court of law

question

cybercriminal

answer

an individual, motivated by the potential for monetary gain, who hacks into computers to steal, often by transferring money from one account to another

question

cyberterrorist

answer

an individual who launches computer-based attacks against other computers or networks in an attempt to intimidate or coerce a govt in order to advance certain political or social objectives

question

data breech

answer

the unintended release of sensitive data or the access of sensitive data by unauthorized individuals

question

distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS)

answer

an attack in which a malicious hacker takes over computers via the Internet and causes them to flood a target site with demands for data and other small tasks

question

email spam

answer

the abuse of email systems to send unsolicited email to large numbers of people

question

exploit

answer

an attack on an information system that takes advantage of a particular system vulnerability

question

hacker

answer

someone who tests the limitations of information systems out of intellectual curiosity- to see if he or she can gain access

question

hacktivism

answer

hacking to achieve political or social goal

question

industrial spy

answer

someone who uses illegal means to obtain trade secrets from competitors

question

intrusion prevention system (IPS)

answer

a network security device that prevents an attack by blocking viruses, malformed packets, and other threats from getting into the protected network

question

intrusion detection system (IDS)

answer

software and/or hardware that monitors system and network resources and activities, and notifies network security personnel when it identifies possible intrusions from outside the organization or misuse from within the organization

question

lamer

answer

a technically inept hacker (see definition for script kiddie)

question

logic bomb

answer

a type of Trojan horse that executes when it is triggered by a specific event

question

negligent insider

answer

a poorly trained and inadequately managed employee who means well but has the potential to cause much damage

question

phishing

answer

the act of fraudulently using email to try to get the recipient to reveal personal data

Chapter 1,2,; 3 Ethics and Tech – Flashcards

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