Chapter 11 Section 1 Part 1 – Flashcards
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What are traits
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- a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring
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What is heredity
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- a set of traits an organism receives from its parents
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Explain the relationship between traits and heredity.
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Traits are individual forms of characteristics in a population. Heredity is the passing of these traits from parent to offspring.
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Why did Gregor Mendel use peas for his experiment?
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- he was familiar with them - they grow quickly - there are different kinds available - they self-pollinate and cross-pollinate
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What are characteristics?`
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- a feature that has different forms in a population
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What were 3 of the 7 characteristics of peas Mendel studied?
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- shape of seed - color of seed - color of flower
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Describe his set-up
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- found true-breeders - looked for true breeders w/ different traits of same characteristics - removed the anthers and/or stames from the plants he wanted to fertilize
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Describe what he did in Experimenting- First Cross
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- took 2 true-breeding plants that exhibited a different trait of the same characteristic and crossed them together - he called them parental generation or P1
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What were the results of the First Cross/Parental Generation/P1
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- resulted in offspring that all exhibited the same trait - mendel choose to call the trait that appeared the dominant trait - the trait that seemed to disappear the recessive trait
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Describe what he did in Experimenting- Second Cross
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- allowed first generation to self-pollinat - he found that some of the offspring of the second generation - called them F-2 - the recessive trait reappeared
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What were the results of Second Cross/F-2
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he repeated this experiment w/ each of the seven characteristics and each time: -only the dominant trait was seen in the first generation(F-1)
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What did Mendel do to find the ratio
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count the # of times each trait appeared in the second generation to see it a ratio would give him some additional information
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What was the most common ratio in Mendel's experiment
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3 to 1
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What was the conclusion of Mendel's experiment
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- proved that all traits do not blend
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What is genetics
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- the study of heredity
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What is a true-breeding plant
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a plant that will always produce offspring with the same form of a trait when it self-pollinates
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What is cross-pollination
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when the pollen from one plant is used to fertilize another plant
