Chapter 11 Nutrition – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?
answer
Blood Clotting
question
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
answer
Bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K
question
Why does vitamin A status depend on the person's protein status?
answer
Transport of the vitamin within the body requires sufficient protein to synthesize retinol-binding protein
question
Which of the following conditions is known to lead to formation of mineral deposits in the blood vessels and kidney?
answer
Excessive intake of vitamin D
question
Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?
answer
Vegetable oils
question
Which of the following is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet?
answer
Fortified milk
question
What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?
answer
Newborns
question
How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease?
answer
It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins
question
Which of the following conditions or diseases are known to be caused by a deficiency of the same nutrient?
answer
Osteomalacia and rickets
question
What are the known effects of raising animals on diets containing retinoic acid as the only source of vitamin A?
answer
Blindness develops
question
ich of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?
answer
Beta-carotene
question
Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis?
answer
Prothrombin
question
As far as is known, vitamin A does not play an important role in which of the following processes?
answer
Blood clotting
question
What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation?
answer
Chylomicrons
question
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
answer
It participates in synthesis of bone proteins
question
What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?
answer
Osteomalacia
question
Which of the following is associated with the condition known as xerosis?
answer
Deficiency of vitamin A
question
Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process?
answer
?
question
The major form of vitamin K in foods is known as
answer
phylloquinone.
question
Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin
answer
E
question
The first detectable sign of vitamin A deficiency is usually
answer
night blindness.
question
Which of the following is a naturally occurring food source of vitamin D?
answer
Egg yolks
question
What population group is at highest risk for osteomalacia?
answer
Adult women
question
Which of the following is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins?
answer
Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet
question
Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D?
answer
Cholesterol
question
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
answer
Bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K
question
Which of the following disorders may result from vitamin E deficiency in people?
answer
Erythrocyte hemolysis
question
Which of the following is responsible for transporting vitamin A from the liver to other tissues?
answer
Retinol-binding protein
question
Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin
answer
E
question
Which of the following is the name of the vitamin A compound that is active in the visual response?
answer
Retinal
question
Keratinization is the result of
answer
deficiency of vitamin A.
question
What part of the body is affected most by keratomalacia?
answer
Cornea
question
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin E?
answer
Deficiencies occur from inability to absorb dietary lipids
question
Knowing the role of vitamin K in the body, in what organ would you expect to find it in large quantities?
answer
Liver
question
A person seeking good sources of vitamin A would select all of the following except
answer
bananas
question
Which of the following is a feature of Accutane?
answer
It is known to cause birth defects when used by pregnant women
question
What is/are the main function(s) of vitamin D?
answer
Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone
question
Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process?
answer
Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal
question
The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)
answer
antioxidant.
question
Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?
answer
Skin yellowing
question
The plant version of vitamin D is known as
answer
ergocalciferol.
question
What is prothrombin?
answer
A protein needed for blood clot formation
question
In what tissue(s) must a molecule of vitamin D be chemically altered to yield a compound that is fully active?
answer
Liver and kidney
question
What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation?
answer
Chylomicrons
question
Which of the following conditions or diseases are known to be caused by a deficiency of the same nutrient?
answer
Osteomalacia and rickets
question
All of the following are forms of vitamin A except
answer
retinoquinone.
question
Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?
answer
Cyanocobalamin
question
Which of the following is characteristic of the tocopherols?
answer
They are usually found in foods high in polyunsaturated fats
question
The major target organs for the action of activated vitamin D include all of the following except the
answer
liver.
question
Which of the following symptoms would indicate a vitamin D deficiency?
answer
Bowed legs
question
Which of the following is a feature of Accutane?
answer
It is known to cause birth defects when used by pregnant women
question
Which of the following features are shared by Retin-A and Accutane?
answer
They have chemical structures similar to vitamin A
question
Which of the following may result from excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults?
answer
Mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney
question
What is/are the main function(s) of vitamin D?
answer
Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone
question
What is the role of vitamin E in the metabolism of free radicals?
answer
Eliminator
question
The major form of vitamin K in foods is known as
answer
phylloquinone.
question
If the diet contains precursor vitamin A, which of the following tissues can use it to form vitamin A?
answer
Intestinal cells
question
Which of the following is not among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins?
answer
transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue
question
Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?
answer
Beta-carotene
question
Which of the following describes the primary function of vitamin A in bone health?
answer
It assists enzymes that degrade certain regions of the bone thereby allowing remodeling to occur
question
Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?
answer
Night blindness
question
The effects of vitamin A deficiency are most severe in what population group?
answer
newborns
question
Why shouldn't a 7-month pregnant woman be prescribed Accutane?
answer
It is a teratogen and can be harmful to the baby
question
Which of the following is likely to induce vitamin A toxicity in adults?
answer
Consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements
question
Which of the following foods is a very good source of vitamin A?
answer
Pumpkin pie
question
Which of the following provides the least amount of precursor vitamin A?
answer
corn
question
The animal version of vitamin D is known as
answer
cholecalciferol.
question
Which of the following can the body use to synthesize vitamin D?
answer
Exposure to sunlight
question
All of the following are other names for vitamin D except
answer
calcitonin
question
Which of the following compounds is known to function as a hormone?
answer
Vitamin D
question
A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin
answer
D
question
In what system would the effects of a vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed?
answer
Skeletal
question
Which of the following enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status?
answer
Outdoor exposure of the skin to sunlight
question
Which of the following features do vitamins C and E share?
answer
Both function as antioxidants
question
The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of
answer
polyunsaturated fatty acids
question
What form of tocopherol shows vitamin E activity in the human body?
answer
Alpha
question
Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings?
answer
The vitamin is widespread in foods
question
Which of the following conditions may improve with vitamin E therapy?
answer
Intermittent claudication
question
Among the following, which contains the highest concentration of vitamin E?
answer
corn oil
question
Which of the following properties do vitamins D and K share?
answer
Both are synthesized in the body
question
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
answer
It participates in synthesis of bone proteins
question
Which of the following is a feature of osteocalcin?
answer
It requires vitamin K to bind to bone-forming minerals
question
Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency?
answer
Antibiotic therapy
question
Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
answer
K
question
What type of foods should be controlled in individuals taking anticoagulant medicines?
answer
Green leafy vegetables
