question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding visual changes in midlife?

answer

an operation can be performed to correct problems with distance vision.

question

During midlife, ____.

answer

the vilia thin out

question

your grandma is experiencing very strong menopausal symptoms. She is 62 years old and she is a breast cancer survivor. She has heard that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help with severe menopausal symptoms. based on the research what would you expect to be the advice she gets from her physician?

answer

She should definitely not use HRT because of the risks given her age and medical history

question

in terms of American ethnic groups, women of descent report the highest rate of hot flashes as a result of menopause.

answer

african

question

Which of the following is TRUE?

answer

there is no menopause in other primate species; it is unique to human females.

question

which of the following is associated with sleep problems in middle age?

answer

being depressed

question

which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

answer

smoking

question

among adults worldwide, what is the leading cause of death?

answer

CVD

question

Rates of CVD are likely to be lowest for an individual living in

answer

Japan

question

Which of the following is a finding that emerged from the Americans' Changing Lives Study?

answer

People with high levels of educational attainment were less likely than other to die in middle adulthood or to experience chronic health problems in middle and late adulthood.

question

Menopause can be a very challenging time. What percentage of women experience symptoms of menopause extreme enough to cause severe distress?

answer

10%

question

Across the lifespan, the rod and cone receptors change. By age 60, the rod and cone receptors have diminished by what percentage?

answer

50%

question

The end of monthly ovulation and menstruation is known as ______.

answer

menopause

question

The American's Changing Lives Study found a relation between health and ______

answer

educational attainment

question

By age 60, most people need ______.

answer

reading glasses

question

Your grandfather has been a bit of a hypochondriac most of his life and is now convinced that he will have osteoporosis. What should you tell him?

answer

it is not very likely. Only 20% of people with osteoporosis are male.

question

Your mother and stepfather are interested in having another child. He is 44 years old. What would be your advice to him regarding his ability to father a child?

answer

Get started. Sperm quality and mobility begin to decline at his age.

question

You are very concerned about breast cancer because it is fairly common in your family, and you worry even more because you have been smoking since you were 17. According to research, what is a lifestyle factor you can change immediately to help decrease your chances of developing breast cancer?

answer

stop smoking

question

What is one reason why Japanese women experience fewer menopausal symptoms than do women in other countries?

answer

their diets are high in soybean-based foods, which contain plant estrogen.

question

Auditory acuity declines during midlife. Which of the following is a neurological explanation for why this happens?

answer

the auditory cortex in the brain becomes less efficient in processing information from the inner ear.

question

There is a wide range of individual variation for menopause ranging from the early ____ to the late ______.

answer

30s; 50s

question

The Americans Changing Lives study found that education predicted health from middle to late adulthood more strongly than ______ did.

answer

income

question

You have been very interested in the potential link between stress and health issues. After reading a considerable amount of research in the area, you found several studies examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). You have concluded that there appears to be a very strong link between stress and negative physical outcome. In fact, one study found that women who ______ to have coronary heart disease.

answer

exhibited five or more symptoms of PTSD were 3 times more likely

question

Your father is having difficulties staying asleep at night. He is 53 years old and is 55 pounds overweight. As far as advice for how to get a better night's sleep, you could tell him ______.

answer

he should consider trying to lose weight

question

Regardless of country, men are at higher risk than women for cardiovascular disease because men are more likely to ______.

answer

smoke

question

What involves subjecting the cancerous part of the body to toxic substances intended to poison the cancer cells?

answer

chemotherapy

question

Tribal people in middle adulthood show less decline in hearing than people in developed countries do. Why?

answer

exposed to less noise in their daily lives

question

Your 45-year-old neighbor is experiencing some severe symptoms of menopause and is in need of information on hormone replacement treatment. Based on what you have learned in your text, you would tell her that HRT is ______.

answer

effective, but there are serious potential side effects

question

Many of your friends' mothers are beginning to experience menopause. Your mother has exercised regularly throughout her entire life and is very fit. When is menopause likely to occur for her?

answer

later than most women

question

Your 68-year-old grandmother hates having mammograms. Based on what you learned in your text, you might encourage her to get her next mammogram by telling her the survival rate of women who have ______ cancer is much better if detected early with regular mammograms.

answer

breast

question

Which of the following are factors related to sleep disturbances and sleep disorders during middle adulthood?

answer

obesity, CVD, and depression

question

Which of the following is a very common symptom of menopause?

answer

hot flashes

question

Developmentally speaking, individuals are likely to notice that it is more difficult to perceive images in sharp focus and to see in dim light during ______ adulthood.

answer

middle

question

According to your text, which of the following best explains why skin begins to wrinkle and becomes saggy during middle adulthood?

answer

skin begins to lose its fat content and the three layers of skin begin to adhere to each other less firmly

question

What is the condition in which plaque builds up on the coronary arteries, causing the passage of blood through the arteries to become constricted?

answer

atherosclerosis

question

Your grandmother is experiencing very strong menopausal symptoms. She is 62 and is a breast cancer survivor. You know that hormone replacement therapy can help with severe menopausal symptoms. So, your advice to her should be to ______.

answer

definitely not use HRT

question

The longitudinal and cross-sectional results of the Seattle Longitudinal Study showed that from emerging adulthood to middle adulthood crystallized intelligence ____ and fluid intelligence ____.

answer

increased; declines

question

which study design involves the possibility of cohort effects?

answer

cross-sectional

question

a person's vocabulary, cultural information stored in long-term memory and logical reasoning abilites are known as what type of intelligence?

answer

crystalized intelligence

question

crystalized and fluid intelligence were studied in the Seattle Longitudinal Study and it was found that perceptual speed ____.

answer

declined steeply throughout the adult years

question

Expertise would be considered a form of ____ intelligence

answer

crystallized

question

developmentalists refer to knowledge and experience in a specific domain as ____.

answer

expertise

question

in what way is Vldimir, a middle-age man, likely to be different from his 24 y/o co-worker who began working with him just under a year ago? Vladimir is ____.

answer

most likely to be satisfied with his job

question

A study that measures the time it takes a person to push a button once they hear a sound is focused on ____.

answer

reaction time

question

reaction time ____.

answer

is typically longer for midlife adults than it is for young adults in laboratory settings

question

On which of the following tasks would midlife adults tend to do more poorly than their younger counterparts?

answer

switching between assessing pairs of numbers as "odd or even" or as "more or less"

question

The ability to maintain attention on two or more information sources simultaneously and switch back and forth between them is known as ____.

answer

divided attention

question

The capacity for divided attention declines from emerging adulthood to middle adulthood and some researchers have argued that this is caused by ____.

answer

a cohort difference

question

Based on the results of the Seattle Longitudinal Study, what ability showed a decline from young adulthood to middle adulthood?

answer

perceptual speed

question

Based on the results of the Seattle Longitudinal Study, when does crystallized intelligence reach its peak?

answer

middle adulthood

question

You have noticed that your mother's mind seems to wander during your conversations and you have even asked her if she is actually listening to you. As a result, you have been examining the various components of the information processing models and have determined your mother is showing some age-related changes in ______.

answer

attention

question

You have been renovating your older house. Whenever you have a problem with the electrical aspect of the renovation, you call your friend. She is a master electrician and can tell you the proper wire size for any situation. Your friend has ______ in the field of electrical engineering.

answer

expertise

question

Which of the following individuals would need to have high fluid intelligence to perform his or her job?

answer

air force pilot

question

According to Cattel, what type of intelligence is a biologically based quality of the neurological system and cannot be trained or taught?

answer

fluid

question

Crystallized intelligence depends on ______ more than fluid intelligence does

answer

learning and exposure to cultural knowlege

question

Attention does not just involve the ability to focus on relevant information, it also involves ______.

answer

ignoring irrelevant environmental information

question

One way to assess perceptual speed is by measuring ______.

answer

reaction time

question

Research has determined there is a slight decline in what ability during middle adulthood?

answer

short-term memory

question

A study that began in 1956 examined 5,000 young and middle adults and continues to this day is the ______ Longitudinal Study.

answer

seattle

question

In middle adulthood, what ability is likely to decline?

answer

ability to focus one's attention

question

You have been very interested in the driving abilities of adults who are in middle adulthood. You are fascinated by males who drive very fast, thinking they are incredible drivers who are able to make driving changes very rapidly. After an extensive review of the literature, you found they should probably not drive so erratically because ______.

answer

their reaction time is slower

question

Research by Arts et al. (2006) has determined that experts are not only more automatic in their problem solving than novices, they are also ______.

answer

more flexible

question

In middle adulthood, automaticity makes problem solving fast and efficient. As a result, ______ do not have to consciously sort through every alternative and are very quick to solve problems.

answer

experts

question

Which of the following about unemployed midlife adults is true?

answer

stay unemployed longer than younger adults do

question

The ability to maintain attention on 2 or more information sources simultaneously and switch back and forth between them is known as ______.

answer

divided attention

question

During a person's lifetime, what happens to perceptual speed?

answer

declines steeply throughout the adult years.

question

which of the following would you most likely hear a midlife adult say?

answer

I hope my kids remember me as a dedicated and loving parent

question

When it comes to a midlife crisis, research evidence since the 1970's suggests ____.

answer

that the claim of a universal midlife crisis is false

question

What is the Eriksonian crisis in which individuals have the desire to "live on" after they have died and to help those younger than they so that the effects of their time on earth will be evident when they are gone?

answer

generativity vs. stagnation

question

Clarisse loves to spend time with her grandchildren and makes every effort to help her daughter and son-in-law with babysitting and household chores while they focus on work. According to Erik Erikson, Clarisse's willingness to help and contribute to the generations after her means she will successfully resolve the ____ crisis.

answer

generativity vs. stagnation

question

which of the following is most accurate regarding the status of women?

answer

The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), a measure of women's opportunity to achieve status and authority, is highest in European countries

question

The most common pattern historically in Asia, Africa, and many South America has been that when a woman and man marry, ____.

answer

the son remains in his parents household and his wife moves in

question

Which of the following statements about family relations is TRUE?

answer

Midlife adults who are highly involved in a parent's care experience high rates of exhaustion and depression.

question

Which of the following best describes how marital satisfaction changes over time?

answer

highest satisfaction in the first year of marriage, lower satisfaction while children are in emerging adulthood and young adulthood, and even lower satisfaction for midlife and beyond

question

research on marriage in the US has shown that ____.

answer

midlife marriage couples often describe their spouse as their best friend

question

Which of the following statements about work and leisure is most accurate?

answer

All developed countries except the US guarantee workers a minimum number of weeks of paid vacation per year.

question

When people get divorced during middle adulthood, what is generally the major difficulty?

answer

love has gone cold

question

When an individual possesses the motivation to contribute to the well-being of the next generation, what would Erikson say is happening?

answer

generativity

question

What do midlife adults tend to mention when asked about their goals in life?

answer

fulfilling the roles they currently have

question

How do middle adults living in northern Europe and the United States feel when their young adult children move out of their homes?

answer

a blend of loss and liberation

question

you have been married for 16 years and have 3 children, ages 14, 11, and 8. It seems to be a very stressful time in your marriage, and your marital satisfaction is quite low. After examining the research literature, did you find that your marital satisfaction is likely to get better?

answer

yes. marriage satisfaction rises sharply when children reach emerging adulthood.

question

Your neighbor is worried that her husband who just turned 40 is going to have an affair or want to do what she thinks are crazy things like bungee jumping. What should you tell her?

answer

she has no reason to be worried. The concept of the midlife crisis is largely a myth

question

For the past 4 years, your older sister has been cohabiting with her boyfriend, who your parents do not like. How has your sister's relationship with your parents likely been affected?

answer

it is very strained

question

Which of the following are qualities of self that appear to increase with age?

answer

self-acceptance, autonomy, and environmental mastery

question

In India, men are described as having virile youth, which is the translation of what popular Indian saying?

answer

satha-patha

question

What percentage of female business executives earning $100,000 or more per year are childless?

answer

50%

question

Comparing Americans and South Koreans in middle adulthood, South Koreans place more emphasis on ______

answer

close ties to others, especially family members

question

Brim (1999) studied more than 3,000 Americans age 25 through 72 and found those in midlife (age 40 to 60) were ______.

answer

not more likely to be experiencing a crisis than other ages

question

According to Hewlett, what percentage of high-achieving women in their midlife are childless?

answer

33%

question

In the United States, what percentage of emerging adults receive some level of financial support from their middle adulthood parents?

answer

66%

question

The instructor for your developmental course is a 55-year-old professor. She seems very comfortable with herself. If she does not know the answer to a student's question, she simply states that she does not know and will try to find the answer. Is her level of comfort with her knowledge and lack thereof unusual for a person of her age?

answer

no. self-contentment is at its peak during middle adulthood

question

If a young married son and his family are living with his middle adulthood parents, in which of the following geographical regions are they most likely to live?

answer

asia

question

When individuals see themselves as being able to handle a variety of roles and responsibilities effectively, they have ______.

answer

environmental mastery

question

The transition from young adulthood to middle adulthood for a traditional woman from India is best described as progressing from ______.

answer

stress obedience to authority and power

question

Kay and Neil's daughter is getting divorced, and she is moving across town into an apartment with her 2 children. Considering their daughter is now a single mother, Kay and Neil will probably ______.

answer

see their grandchildren more frequently

question

Contrary to claims of a(n) ______ syndrome, parents generally experience the departure of emerging adult children with a blend of loss and liberation.

answer

empty nest syndrome

question

Job satisfaction peaks during middle adulthood, particularly at what age?

answer

50s

question

Young adulthood for women in India can be best described as a time of ______.

answer

stress and obedience

question

What is the current thought regarding the concept of midlife crisis?

answer

the claim of universal midlife crisis is false

question

During middle adulthood, some individuals will quit their jobs because they become disillusioned, frustrated, and tired of their jobs. What is this phenomenon?

answer

burnout

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