Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood – Flashcards
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What is the crisis of middle childhood according to Erikson?
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Industry versus inferiority
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What is the primary goal of trait theories?
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To explain the origins of the differences in personality
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What are components of Bandura's model of personality development?
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-PERSON COMPONENT -ENVIRONMENT -BEHAVIOR
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What term refers to children's global self-evaluation, which includes factors such as how well they like themselves or how happy they are?
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Self-esteem
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What factors are major influences in a child's self esteem
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The general support the child feels from her parents, peers and others
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What is the typical pattern of children's descriptions of others during middle childhood?
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children talk more about internal characteristics or qualities that the individual seems to have
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What are authors' suggestions to encourage moral reasoning?
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-Help and encourage them to base obedience on respect rather than fear -Include them in charitable projects -Play developmentally appropriate games with them
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Monica is an only child. What statements are likely to be about Monica?
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-She will be as well adjusted as children who have siblings -Her family is less likely to suffer from resource dilution -She is likely to receive as much of her parent's attention as a first-born-child would receive
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During the middle-childhood years, disciplinary interactions with parents typically decrease because a child is more capable of which of the following
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Self-regulation
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Developmentalists have suggested that differences in the expectations parents have for boys and girls may be responsible for:
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stronger standards of behavior for girls in later developmental periods
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What characteristic seems to be the most important factor in selection of friends among 6 - 12 year olds?
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Gender
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What is an example of controlling speech used among middle childhood boys?
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"Try to stop me."
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What are accurate descriptions of the patterns of aggression observable among children in middle childhood?
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-At every age boys show more physical aggression than boys -School age boys often express their approval for the aggressive behavior of peers -Girls are more likely than boys to use relational aggression toward their peers
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Penny broke her brother's baseball trophy after he used her favorite doll to play tug-of-war with their dog. Which type of aggression is Penny demonstrating?
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Retaliatory aggression
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What term is used by psychologists to describe children who are disliked and avoided by their peer?
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Rejected
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According to researchers who study self-care children, poorly adjusted self-care children are likely to display:
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Social and behavioral problems during the preschool years
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At what age do most developmentalists agree that a child might begin self-care?
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Nine or ten
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How has the number of children living in poverty changed from the 1980s to now?
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It has declined
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The United States government defines poverty as which of the following income levels for a family with one child?
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$13,461
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According to the author, what statements address the typical ways that poverty impacts children?
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-Poverty leaves mothers with inadequate prenatal care -Children living in poverty have inadequate housing -Families living in poverty have more frequent changes of residency and schools
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Many children who grow up in neighborhoods with street violence, gang activity and overcrowded homes suffer from what mental disorder?
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PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
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What factors are listed in your text that can help protect a child from the effects of a stressful environment?
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Authoritarian parenting
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Which researcher(s) conducted the "Bobo doll" studies to evaluate the effects of observing aggressive behavior on children?
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Albert Bandura
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According to 2006 statistics, what percentage of school-aged children in the United States have access to the internet?
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90%
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Regarding the research that was conducted at Georgetown University with 5th- and 6th-graders: What is unique about boys' behaviors when using virtual communication on the internet?
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They become less concerned about behaving in gender-stereotypical ways
