Chapter 10 LAST PSYCH – Flashcards
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Locomotion
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Ability of an organism to move from one place to another
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What is motivation
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The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do
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What is an instinct
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Unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species
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What is an instinct typically set in motion by
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A sign stimulus
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What is a drive
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An aroused stage of tension that occurs because of physiological needs
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What is a need
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A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivations
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What is the drive reduction theory
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As the drive becomes stronger the need to reduce it becomes stronger
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What is homeostasis
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The body tendency to maintain an equilibrium or a steady state or balance
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What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law
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Performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than really high or really low
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What is over learning
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learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic
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What hormone helps start the digestion of food
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CCK: Cholecytokinin
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What three chemical substances play a role in hunger, eating, and feeling full
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glucose, insulin, and leptin
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What is the importance of glucose
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Blood Sugar, there are sugar receptors in the brain and in the liver
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What is the importance of insulin
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Plays a role in glucose control When we consume pasta insulin levels rise and fall off gradually When we eat candy insulin levels rise and fall sharply
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What is Leptin
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The chemical is released by fat cells It decreases food intake and increases energy or metabolism
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What does the lateral hypothalamus do and where is it located
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Outer portions Involved in stimulating eating
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What does the ventromedial hypothalamus do and where is it located
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Located in the middle Involved in reducing hunger and resisting eating
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What is set point
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The weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight
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What is set point determined by
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The number of adipose cells (fat cells) stored in the body
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What is anorexia nervosa
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An eating disorder where one starves themselves and has a relentless pursuit for thinness
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What is bulimia nervosa
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An eating disorder where one binges and purges and they typically maintain a normal body weight
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What is binge eating disorder
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Eating more food in a short period of time than most people would eatPerson feels lack of control and can't stop eating
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What is Maslows hierarchy of needs
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physiologicalsafetylovebelongingnessesteemself-actualization
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Where are the strongest needs in the hierarchy of needs
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At the base, with physiological
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Where are the weakest needs in the hierarchy of needs
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At the top with Self-actualization
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What was Deci and Ryans theory
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Self-determination theory
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What is the Self-determination theory
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That there are three basic organismic needs
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What are the three needs in the self-determination theory
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competence, relatedness, and autonomy
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What do deci and Ryan argue about their theory
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These needs concern personal growth, not the filling of deficiencies
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What is competence
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When we feel like we can bring out desired outcomes and involves self-efficacy
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What is relatedness
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The need to engage in warm reactions with other people
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What is autonomy
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The sense that we are in control of our own life
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What is intrinsic motivation
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Based no internal factors such as the organismic needsWe are intrinsically motivated bc we enjoy it
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What is Extrinsic motivation
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Involves external incentives such as rewards and punishers
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What is the delay of gratification
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Putting off pleasurable experience I the interest of some larger but later reward
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What is emotion
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the feeling or affect that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression
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What is the autonomic nervous system
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Takes the message to and from the body internal organs Divided in to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
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What is the sympathetic nervous system
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Responsible for rapid reactions to threats Increased blood pressure, faster heart rate, more rapid heart rate
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What is the parasympathetic nervous system
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Calms the body, processes of maintenance and healing
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What was the James-Lange theory
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Emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment: Emotion occurs after physiological reactions
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What is the Cannon-Bard theory
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Emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously
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Whats the diffrenence between Cannon and James theory
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Cannon believes that the body plays a less important role
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What is the two-factor theory of emotion
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Schachter and Singer state that emotion is determined by two factors physiological arousal and cognitive labeling
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What are display rules
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Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed
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What is the valence of an emotion
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Whether it feels pleasant or unpleasant
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What is the arousal level of an emotion
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The degree to which the emotion is reflected in an individuals being active, engaged, or excited versus passive, disengaged, or calm
