Chapter 1 US History – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Nomadic
answer
Some Native American tribes that moved often for food and water.
question
Aztec
answer
c. 1200; lived in the Valley of Mexico; later conquered by Cortez.
question
Anasazi
answer
introduced crops into arid deserts of the Southwest c.300 BC
question
Pueblo
answer
from Anasazi and Hohokam; architecturally advanced
question
Iroquois
answer
Northeastern hunters/fishers
question
Benin
answer
c. 1400 kingdom ruled by a single leader, became a major West African state in the 1400s
question
Ewuare
answer
Developed Benin City and ruler of Benin
question
Kongo
answer
Kingdom of smaller kingdoms all ruled by one leader. Based on agriculture; ruled by hereditary monarchy
question
Islam
answer
monotheistic religion spread through trade routes across North Africa c. 1400
question
Christianity
answer
teaching from the life of Jesus; spread by Europeans. Clashing of Christianity and Islam lead to Crusades
question
Reformation
answer
split between protestants and Catholics; took power from the Pope
question
Renaissance
answer
rebirth of art highlighting the physical world
question
Christopher Columbus
answer
Spanish explorer looking for a short route to India, landed in Bahamas and settled there. Harsh rule and helped bring together the European, American, and African worlds. In search of God, Gold, and Glory
question
Taino
answer
people living where Columbus landed "Nobel Ones" Wiped out by Columbus and Spanish
question
Treaty of Tordesillas
answer
Between Spain and Portugal; divided Western Hemisphere between the two countries --> lead to jealousy between other nations.
question
Columbian Exchange
answer
global transfer of living things (livestock, raw materials, food, disease) from America, Europe, and Africa.
question
conquistador
answer
Spanish explorers who conquered parts of America
question
Hernando Cortes
answer
1519 Conquered Aztec empire with advanced army and smallpox/measles. Used Aztecs for mining gold
question
Montezuma
answer
Aztec emperor; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; assumed that the Spanish were gods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries.
question
mestizo
answer
mixed Spanish-Native American child, result of Spanish men mating with Native American women
question
encomienda
answer
Spanish authorities allowed explorers to demand Native labor (very close to slavery for the natives)
question
New Spain
answer
Mexico and parts of Guatemala
question
New Mexico
answer
Capital = Santa Fe Royal Road location; goods traveled between Santa Fe and Mexico City.
question
John Smith
answer
founder of James Town, came to America for profit; explorer
question
Jamestown
answer
First permanent English settlement; located in Virginia. Founded by London Company
question
joint-stock companies
answer
money from English companies and investors to fund American exploration. Failed in some cities that could not find gold (ex. Jamestown)
question
indentured servants
answer
many of the first English settlers in Americas had to pay off debs with labor for 4-7 years; replaced so by African slaves
question
puritan
answer
christians who wanted to separate from the Catholic church. Has subgroups of Separatists and Pilgrims. Formed both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies
question
John Winthrop
answer
founder (with Puritans) of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Founded for religious spreading and as a model for other colonies. "City upon a hill"
question
King Phillip's War
answer
War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. Was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites.
question
William Penn
answer
was owed money from King Charles and was payed off by getting land. Founder of Pennsylvania
question
Quaker
answer
Lead by William Penn, religious tolerance
question
mercantilism
answer
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
question
Navigation Acts
answer
Only English ships could trade with English colonies, ¾ of crew on ships must be english, all ships going to English colonies must pass through an English port, and an exclusivity on certain raw materials put a type of monopoly on trade and benefitted both England and America.
question
triangular trade
answer
routes between America, West Indies, and West Africa trading rum, raw materials, and slaves
question
middle passage
answer
trading African slaves to West Indies (from there they went to America)
question
Enlightenment
answer
Emphasis on questions + nature; science over religion; questions church and politics (TJ)
question
Benjamin Franklin
answer
American ENLIGHTENMENT figure who was a scientist and inventor
question
Great Awakening
answer
Puritan influence waning (due to religious tolerance), wanted to bring back Puritan goals Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
question
Jonathan Edwards
answer
Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god", not enough to just come to church (must live by the church)
question
French and Indian War
answer
(1754-1763) fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. French enlisted the help of Native alliances
question
William Pitt
answer
British Minister determined to expel French from North America during 7 years war
question
Pontiac
answer
Chief native who captured eight British forts in the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes area; in response, British wiped them out with disease
question
Proclamation of 1763
answer
established a line along the Appalachians that the colonists could not cross; gave Natives a piece of land. British DID cross and expand West.
